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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 5.

Published in final edited form as: Subst Abus. 2015 Nov 13;37(2):343–348. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2015.1080207

Table 2.

Prevalence of recent heroin and cocaine use route of administration by drinking severity group.

	Drinking severity group
	Abstinent^a (n = 222)		Moderate^a (n = 212)		Problematic^a (n = 117)
Route of administration	n	%	n	%	n	%	χ²
Heroin
Injection	150	67.6	120	56.6	46	39.3	25.84^***
Snorting	91	41.0	119	56.1	66	56.4	11.01^**
Smoking	2	0.1	0	0	4	3.4	7.40^*
Swallowing	8	3.6	11	5.2	9	7.7	3.32
Cocaine
Injection	92	41.4	81	38.2	28	23.9	10.69^**
Snorting	34	15.3	50	23.6	47	40.2	25.06^***
Swallowing	5	2.3	2	0.1	5	4.3	1.58
Speedball
Injection	85	38.9	84	39.6	30	25.6	7.23^*
Snorting	17	7.7	25	11.8	21	17.9	7.48^*
Crack
Injection	5	2.3	6	2.8	3	2.6	0.16
Smoking	93	41.9	121	57.1	81	69.2	23.16^***

^a

Prior 30 days.

^*

P < .05;

^**

P < .01;

^***

P < .001.