Fig. 8.

Multiple roles of EJC core homologs in Physalis. a Developmental roles of EJC core components in Physalis. Heterodimerization of EJC core proteins and subsequently recruiting peripheral proteins to form a functional higher order complex is essential for EJC core functions (Le Hir et al. 2016). Moreover, the MGAO-Y14 heterodimerization is obligate and functions as a functional unit (Gong et al. 2014a, b). As demonstrated in the dashed box, heterodimerization was usually formed among Physalis EJC core proteins (indicated by the line), but heterodimerization of PFY14 and PFBTZ was not observed. The obligate PFMGAO-PFY14 heterodimerization is highlighted using the thick line. Single Physalis EJC core protein or heterodimer PFMGAO-PFY14 is presented to stand for each-containing functional complex instead of itself. Blue arrows indicate activation of the downstream genes, and red arrows point to the organs or tissues where the EJC genes exert their developmental affects. Black box defines the root collar area. For the details, see text. b The proposed working model for EJC genes in Physalis. The putative tapetal PCD genes in Physalis were constructed according to Jeong et al. (2014). Blue boxes, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor; red box, MYB transcription factor; yellow box, cysteine (Cys) protease gene; green box, aspartic (Asp) protease gene; gray box, WRKY transcription factor. The dot indicates PPI. Arrows represent positive regulation. The dashed lines represent predicted regulation or interaction