Table 1.
Characteristics of the 22-year follow-up sample
| Variables | N (%) |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Gender | |
| Male | 1,783 (46.8) |
| Female | 2,027 (53.2) |
| Skin color | |
| White | 2,262 (63.3) |
| Black | 538 (15.1) |
| Brown | 637 (17.8) |
| Other | 137 (3.8) |
| Asset index (quintiles) | |
| First (poorest) | 761 (20.0) |
| Second | 761 (20.0) |
| Third | 761 (20.0) |
| Fourth | 761 (20.0) |
| Fifth (richest) | 760 (20.0) |
| Education (years) | |
| 0–4 | 111 (2.9) |
| 5–8 | 1,013 (26.6) |
| 9–11 | 1,560 (41.0) |
| ≥12 | 1,121 (29.5) |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 1,242 (32.6) |
| Maternal smoking at 11 years follow-up | |
| Never | 1,693 (46.9) |
| Former | 787 (21.8) |
| Smoker | 1,131 (31.3) |
| Paternal (or mothers partner) smoking at 11 years follow-up | |
| Never | 1,030 (37.2) |
| Former | 707 (25.5) |
| Smoker | 1,031 (37.3) |
| Hospitalization during the first 10 years of life | 1,339 (37.1) |
| Parents history of asthma, wheezing, or bronchitis at 11 years follow-up | 1,236 (34.8) |
| Household crowding at 18 years | |
| ≤3 | 1,359 (38.6) |
| 4–5 | 1,569 (44.5) |
| ≥6 | 595 (16.9) |
| Active at leisure and/or commuting at 18 and 22 years | |
| None | 648 (18.5) |
| Only at 18 years | 569 (16.2) |
| Only at 22 years | 749 (21.3) |
| Both ages | 1,542 (44.0) |
| Smoker at 18 and 22 years | |
| None | 2,824 (80.3) |
| Only at 18 years | 117 (3.3) |
| Only at 22 years | 229 (6.5) |
| Both ages | 347 (9.9) |
| BMI obese (≥ 30 kg/m2) at 18 and 22 years | |
| None | 2,689 (79.9) |
| Only at 18 years | 69 (2.1) |
| Only at 22 years | 344 (10.2) |
| Both ages | 262 (7.8) |
| Total fat mass – BOD POD % in the third tertile | |
| None | 1,905 (58.4) |
| Only at 18 years | 302 (9.3) |
| Only at 22 years | 287 (8.8) |
| Both ages | 770 (23.6) |
| Total fat mass – DXA % in the third tertile | |
| None | 1,751 (58.7) |
| Only at 18 years | 259 (8.7) |
| Only at 22 years | 270 (9.1) |
| Both ages | 704 (23.6) |
| Trunk fat mass – DXA % in the third tertile | |
| None | 1,741 (58.3) |
| Only at 18 years | 271 (9.1) |
| Only at 22 years | 280 (9.4) |
| Both ages | 697 (23.3) |
| FMI in the third tertile | |
| None | 1,910 (58.6) |
| Only at 18 years | 273 (8.4) |
| Only at 22 years | 278 (8.5) |
| Both ages | 801 (24.6) |
Notes: The 1993 Pelotas Birth cohort (n=3,810). Maximum missing values for DXA variables (total n=3,325).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; FMI, fat mass index.