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. 2018 Nov 30;13:8195–8215. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S185588

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© 2018 Renu et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Expression of TLRs and cytokines mRNA in the cecal tonsils of OMPs-F-PNPs orally inoculated and Salmonella-challenged chickens.

Notes: The relative mRNA expression levels of (A) TLR-2, (B) TLR-4, (C) TGF-β, and (D) IL-4. Each bar is the mean ± SEM of 7–10 chickens, and the data were analyzed by nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test followed by P-value differences in between the groups determined by Mann–Whitney test. Asterisk refers to statistical difference between two indicated groups (^*P<0.05). OMPs-F-PNPs, OMPs and F-protein-entrapped and surface F-protein-coated PNPs.

Abbreviations: Ch, challenge; F, flagellar; OMPs, outer membrane proteins; PNPs, polyanhydride nanoparticles; TLRs, toll-like receptors; SEM, standard error of the mean.