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Schematic illustration showing the fate of orally delivered OMPs-F-PNPs in layer chickens.
Notes: Orally delivered OMPs-F-PNPs carboxylic acid groups form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of mucus glycoproteins. OMPs-F-PNPs surface-coated F-protein helped to target the particles to ileal M cells.
Abbreviations: F, flagellar; OMPs, outer membrane proteins; OMPs-F-PNPs, OMPs and F-protein-entrapped and surface F-protein-coated PNPs; PNPs, polyanhydride nanoparticles.
