Table 3.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes in singleton births to primiparous women with autism, Sweden, 2006–2014
| Outcome variables | Women with autism, n=1,174 | Cases in population controls n=388,542 | Crude OR; 95% CI | Adjusted OR;a 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Preterm birth | Preterm birth, all | 85 (7.2) | 22,228 (5.7) | 1.29; 1.03–1.60 | 1.24; 0.99–1.55 |
| Preterm birth <28 weeks | 2 (0.2) | 1,201 (0.3) | 0.55; 0.14–2.20 | 0.52; 0.13–2.09 | |
| Preterm birth 28 to <32 weeks | 8 (0.7) | 2,122 (0.5) | 1.25; 0.62–2.51 | 1.23; 0.61–2.47 | |
| Preterm birth 32 to <37 weeks | 75 (6.4) | 18,905 (4.9) | 1.33; 1.06–1.69 | 1.28; 1.17–1.62 | |
| Spontaneous preterm birthb | 54 (4.6) | 14,254 (3.7) | 1.27; 0.96–1.66 | 1.22; 0.93–1.61 | |
| Medically indicated preterm birthb | 30 (2.6) | 7,789 (2.0) | 1.28; 0.89–1.84 | 1.24; 0.86–1.78 | |
| Mode of delivery | Cesarean delivery | 233 (19.8) | 72,014 (18.5) | 1.09; 0.94–1.26 | 1.33; 1.15–1.54 |
| Elective cesarean delivery | 113 (9.6) | 25,370 (6.5) | 1.52; 1.26–1.85 | 1.85; 1.52–2.25 | |
| Not elective cesarean delivery | 120 (10.2) | 46,644 (12.0) | 0.84; 0.69–1.01 | 0.99; 0.82–1.20 | |
| Induction of delivery, all | 201 (17.1) | 58,194 (15.0) | 1.17; 1.00–1.36 | 1.22; 1.04–1.42 | |
| Apgar score | Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes | 22 (1.9) | 6,429 (1.7) | 1.14; 0.74–1.73 | 1.11; 0.73–1.70 |
| Intrauterine growth | SGA | 159 (13.6) | 50,985 (13.2) | 1.04; 0.88–1.22 | 1.05; 0.88–1.24 |
| LGA | 78 (6.7) | 23,467 (6.1) | 1.11; 0.88–1.39 | 1.01; 0.80–1.28 | |
| Stilbirth | Stillbirth | 3 (0.3) | 1,269 (0.3) | 0.78; 0.25–2.43 | 0.75; 0.24–2.32 |
| Maternal complications | Preeclampsia | 63 (5.4) | 16,333 (4.2) | 1.29; 1.00–1.67 | 1.21; 0.94–1.56 |
| Gestational diabetes | 16 (1.4) | 3,624 (0.9) | 1.47; 0.90–2.41 | 1.66; 1.01–2.74 | |
Notes: Data are n (%) unless otherwise specified. Statistically significant risk estimates are italicized and bold.
a
ORs were adjusted for maternal age, country of maternal birth, smoking, body mass index, parity, and year of birth.
b
We did not have data on spontaneous vs induced preterm birth in all preterm births, hence numbers do not add up.
Abbreviations: LGA, large for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age.