Table 2.

A Comparison of Drug Use Disorder (DUD) Questionnaire Items to DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria.

Subscale		DUD questionnaire	DSM-IV-TR
	(Screening item)	Have you used this substance in the past year? (If yes, continue to substance specific items. If no, stop here)
Abuse	1	In the past year, did your use interfere with taking care of your home or family or cause you problems at work or school?	Recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home
	2	In the past year, did you more than once get into a situation while using or after using that increased your chances of getting hurt—like driving a car or other vehicle or using heavy machinery?	Recurrent substance use in situations where it is physical hazardous
	3	In the past year, did you get arrested, held at a police station or have legal problems because of your use?	Recurrent substance-related legal problems
	4	In the past year, did you continue to use even though it was causing you trouble with your family or friends?	Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance
Dependence			Tolerance, as defined by either of the following:
	5	In the past year, have you found that you have to use more than you once did to get the effect you wanted?	A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effects
	6	In the past year, did you find that your usual amount had less effect on you than it once did?	Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following:
	7	In the past year, when the medication/drug effects were wearing off, did you experience some of the bad aftereffects—like trouble sleeping, feeling nervous, restless, anxious, sweating, or shaking, or did you have seizures or sense things that were not really there?	The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance. The same substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms
	8	In the past year, did you end up using more or using for a longer period than you intended?	The substance is taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended
	9	In the past year, did you more than once want to try to stop or cut down on your use, but could not do it?	There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use
	10	In the past year, did you spend a lot of time using or getting over the bad after effects of use?	A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects
	11	In the past year, did you give up or cut down on activities that were important to you or gave you pleasure in order to use?	Important social, occupational or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use
	12	In the past year, did you continue to use even though it was causing you to feel depressed or anxious or causing a health problem or making one worse?	The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance

Note. DUD = drug use disorder; DSM-IV-TR = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition Text Revision).