Table 1.
U.S. health professionals’ demographics, practice characteristics, and smoking prevalence
| Characteristic | Primary care physician (n = 437) | Emergency medicine (n = 408) | Psychiatry (n = 400) | Registered nurse (n = 388) | Dentist (n = 391) | Dental hygienist (n = 377) | Pharmacist (n = 403) |
| Age (years)a | |||||||
| 22–44 | 194 (45.2) | 191 (48.4) | 103 (25.6) | 175 (45.0) | 142 (38.5) | 218 (57.7) | 219 (55.2) |
| 45–64 | 211 (48.2) | 210 (50.4) | 239 (60.8) | 208 (54.0) | 218 (54.0) | 156 (41.5) | 162 (41.1) |
| 65+ | 28 (6.5) | 5 (1.1) | 53 (13.6) | 4 (1.0) | 31 (7.4) | 3 (0.8) | 15 (3.7) |
| Sex (% female)a | 150 (31.4) | 86 (21.0) | 141 (32.8) | 364 (93.9) | 96 (22.9) | 371 (98.4) | 174 (43.2) |
| Race/ethnicitya | |||||||
| White | 281 (66.0) | 335 (83.0) | 274 (69.8) | 335 (86.6) | 309 (79.2) | 344 (92.6) | 328 (82.3) |
| Black | 26 (5.9) | 23 (5.8) | 21 (5.0) | 24 (6.2) | 21 (5.6) | 7 (1.9) | 18 (4.4) |
| Latino | 30 (7.0) | 15 (3.7) | 23 (6.0) | 11 (2.9) | 16 (4.3) | 11 (3.0) | 13 (3.3) |
| Asian | 83 (19.2) | 24 (6.0) | 69 (17.4) | 10 (2.6) | 34 (9.2) | 7 (1.9) | 33 (8.5) |
| Other | 8 (1.9) | 6 (1.6) | 7 (1.7) | 6 (1.6) | 7 (1.6) | 2 (0.6) | 6 (1.5) |
| Practice settinga | |||||||
| Private practice | 313 (71.4) | 115 (29.0) | 200 (50.5) | 35 (8.9) | 366 (93.6) | 358 (94.9) | |
| Hospital | 45 (10.6) | 258 (62.6) | 75 (18.2) | 237 (61.4) | 6 (1.4) | 2 (0.5) | N/Ab |
| Clinic/health maintenance organization/ facility | 79 (18.0) | 35 (8.4) | 125 (31.4) | 116 (29.7) | 19 (5.0) | 17 (4.5) | |
| Regiona | |||||||
| Central northeast | 92 (21.2) | 90 (19.0) | 134 (33.8) | 83 (22.7) | 83 (23.4) | 69 (19.5) | 86 (21.8) |
| South | 162 (34.3) | 124 (31.1) | 110 (27.3) | 145 (38.0) | 119 (29.4) | 141 (37.5) | 171 (40.6) |
| Midwest | 105 (24.2) | 88 (22.9) | 80 (18.6) | 95 (22.2) | 110 (24.8) | 112 (28.1) | 106 (26.6) |
| West | 78 (20.2) | 106 (27.0) | 76 (20.2) | 65 (17.0) | 79 (22.3) | 55 (14.9) | 40 (10.9) |
| Vulnerable population volume (self-report)a | |||||||
| >30% medicaid | 108 (25.7) | 146 (37.7) | 170 (43.9) | 191 (54.3) | 56 (16.1) | 51 (15.9) | |
| >20% uninsured | 52 (12.5) | 157 (40.3) | 68 (17.5) | 99 (28.3) | 183 (49.0) | 171 (47.8) | |
| >30% Black/Latino | 141 (32.5) | 196 (50.5) | 118 (29.5) | 172 (46.3) | 110 (29.5) | 75 (20.6) | N/Ab |
| >10% primary language other than English | 132 (30.8) | 175 (43.8) | 79 (20.1) | 147 (39.8) | 103 (28.4) | 94 (25.4) | |
| Smoking statusa | |||||||
| Current | 7 (1.7) | 23 (5.7) | 13 (3.2) | 51 (13.1) | 22 (5.8) | 20 (5.3) | 18 (4.4) |
| Former | 98 (23.2) | 76 (18.4) | 114 (28.8) | 115 (29.5) | 82 (20.3) | 78 (20.7) | 65 (16.0) |
| Never | 330 (75.1) | 309 (75.8) | 273 (68.0) | 222 (57.4) | 287 (73.9) | 279 (73.9) | 320 (79.5) |
Note. “Other” in race/ethnicity refers to American Indian, Alaskan native, Pacific Islander, or other category.
a F tests for bivariate analyses of sociodemographic characteristic across health professional subgroups are all p < .0001.
b
N/A = question not asked of pharmacists in survey.