Table 2.
Item Scores on the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest)a
| BESTest | LFA Group | HFA Group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | %N | Median | %N | ||||
| Section | Item | Minimum | Maximum | Minimum | Maximum | ||
| I | Biomechanical constraints | 31.43 (17.08)* | 57.52 (22.00)* | ||||
| 1. Base of support | 3 | 0.0 | 82.9 | 3 | 0.0 | 91.4 | |
| 2. CoM alignment | 1 | 37.1 | 5.7 | 2 | 2.9 | 48.6 | |
| 3. Ankle strength/ROM | 0 | 71.4 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 28.6 | 8.6 | |
| 4. Hip/trunk strength | 0 | 80.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 60.0 | 8.6 | |
| 5. Sit on floor/stand up | 0 | 85.7 | 5.7 | 2 | 42.9 | 25.7 | |
| II | Limits of stability | 50.95 (19.57)* | 74.29 (14.93)* | ||||
| 6A. Sitting verticality, right† | 3 | 5.7 | 82.9 | 3 | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
| 6B. Lateral lean, right† | 2 | 5.7 | 31.4 | 3 | 0.0 | 71.4 | |
| 7. FR forward | 0 | 65.7 | 0.0 | 2 | 17.1 | 5.7 | |
| 8. FR right† | 0 | 68.6 | 2.9 | 2 | 22.9 | 8.6 | |
| III | Anticipatory adjustments | 18.41 (20.73)* | 57.46 (26.16)* | ||||
| 9. Sit to stand | 2 | 28.6 | 40.0 | 3 | 0.0 | 85.7 | |
| 10. Rise to toe | 0 | 85.7 | 0.0 | 2 | 25.7 | 22.9 | |
| 11. Stand on one leg, right† | 0 | 88.6 | 0.0 | 1 | 40.0 | 11.4 | |
| 12. Alternate stair touching | 0 | 91.4 | 0.0 | 2 | 31.4 | 31.4 | |
| 13. Standing arm raise | 0 | 68.6 | 20.0 | 3 | 17.1 | 57.1 | |
| IV | Postural responses | 12.86 (26.40)* | 60.98 (36.7)* | ||||
| 14. In-place, front | 0 | 71.4 | 20.0 | 3 | 14.3 | 71.4 | |
| 15. In-place, back | 0 | 74.3 | 14.3 | 3 | 17.1 | 62.9 | |
| 16. Compensatory, front | 0 | 91.4 | 5.7 | 2 | 31.4 | 42.9 | |
| 17. Compensatory, back | 0 | 91.4 | 5.7 | 2 | 37.1 | 37.1 | |
| 18. Compensatory, right† | 0 | 91.4 | 5.7 | 2 | 42.9 | 31.4 | |
| V | Sensory orientation | 23.24 (28.58)* | 62.29 (29.90)* | ||||
| 19A. Firm surface, EO | 1 | 45.7 | 34.3 | 3 | 2.9 | 80.0 | |
| 19B. Firm surface, EC | 0 | 54.3 | 14.3 | 3 | 2.9 | 60.0 | |
| 19C. Foam surface, EO | 0 | 77.1 | 2.9 | 2 | 17.1 | 34.3 | |
| 19D. Foam surface, EC | 0 | 91.4 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 51.4 | 8.6 | |
| 20. Incline, EC | 0 | 62.9 | 17.1 | 3 | 20.0 | 60.0 | |
| VI | Stability in gait | 6.26 (15.61)* | 44.35 (31.68)* | ||||
| 21. Gait, level surface | 0 | 82.9 | 0.0 | 2 | 25.7 | 5.7 | |
| 22. Change in gait speed | 0 | 80.0 | 0.0 | 2 | 25.7 | 22.9 | |
| 23. Walk head turn, lateral | 0 | 82.9 | 0.0 | 1 | 42.9 | 14.3 | |
| 24. Walk with pivot turns | 0 | 91.4 | 2.9 | 2 | 28.6 | 22.9 | |
| 25. Step over obstacles | 0 | 91.4 | 0.0 | 2 | 34.3 | 25.7 | |
| 26. TUG | 0 | 91.4 | 0.0 | 2 | 31.4 | 2.9 | |
| 27. TUG with dual task | 0 | 82.9 | 0.0 | 1 | 25.7 | 0.0 | |
a
All section scores are presented as mean (SD). LFA=low functional ability, HFA=high functional ability, FR=functional reach, EO=eyes open, EC=eyes closed, TUG=Timed “Get Up and Go” test, CoM=center of mass, ROM=range of motion. * Significant difference between LFA and HFA groups at P<.01. † Item that evaluated both right and left sides, but with similar results on each side, so data for only the right side are presented.