Table 5.

Zero-order correlations between WISDM-68 subscales and validation criteria

	Correlation coefficient
Measure	FTND, N = 410	DSM-IV current dependence dx, N = 416	DSM-IV symptoms count, N = 422	Number of cigarettes per day, N = 414
1. Affiliative Attachment	.45**	.27**	.41**	.34**
2. Automaticity	.58**	.25**	.37**	.49**
3. Loss of Control	.55**	.37**	.51**	.45**
4. Behavioral Choice—Melioration	.48**	.27**	.38**	.40**
5. Cognitive Enhancement	.37**	.27**	.40**	.32**
6. Craving	.60**	.35**	.45**	.46**
7. Cue Exposure—Associative Process	.41**	.29**	.42**	.31**
8. Negative Reinforcement	.38**	.32**	.43**	.30**
9. Positive Reinforcement	.37**	.19**	.33**	.30**
10. Social and Environmental Goads	.33**	.13**	.11*	.27**
11. Taste and Sensory Properties	.35**	.12*	.22**	.35**
12. Tolerance	.81**	.27**	.39**	.61**
13. Weight Control	.18**	.17**	.24**	.11*
Total WISDM-68	.61**	.34**	.48**	.49*
FTND		.20**	.30**
DSM-IV current dependence dx	.20**		.46**	.16**
DSM-IV symptoms count	.30**			.22**
Number of cigarettes per day		.16**	.22**

Note. WISDM-68 = Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives; FTND = Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. “Number of cigarettes smoked per day” is an item from the FTND scale; thus, correlations between these associated measures were not provided. The WISDM-68 subscales were also moderately correlated with DSM-IV symptom counts and daily smoking rates, but these associations were weaker than those reported in Piper et al. The overall WISDM-68 scale showed significant associations with all four validation criteria but performed weaker in our analysis than in Piper et al. Although WISDM-68 subscales underperform in comparison to Piper et al. (2004), this measure performed better in detecting DSM-IV nicotine dependence symptoms and diagnosis (dx) than FTND (details available from authors).

*p < .05; **p < .01.