Table 1.

Demographics, Predisposing Factors, and Clinical Presentation

Patient No.	Age	Sex	Race	Predisposing Factor(s)	Neutropenia (<500/mm 3 )	Immunosuppressive Therapy	Clinical Presentation	Radiological Findings at Diagnosis	Radiological Finding(s) at the End of Therapy
1	5 mo	M	White	Prematurity, VPS	No	Inhaled steroids	Fever, vomiting	Persistent third and lateral ventricular dilatation	Meningeal enhancement, hemorrhage
2	18 y	M	White	Prolonged antibiotic therapy, Crohn disease, thrush	No	6MP	Fever, vomiting, headache, altered mental status, decreased activity	No abnormalities	Not performed
3	14 y	F	Other	ALL, prolonged antibiotic therapy	Yes	Parenteral steroids, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, doxorubicin, methotrexate, PEG-asparaginase, vincristine	Fever, headache, forgetfulness	Parenchymal lesions	Mild global loss of cerebral volume
4	13 y	M	White	AML	Yes	Cytarabine, l -asparaginase, sorafenib	Fever, vomiting, headache, altered mental status, behavioral changes, decreased activity	Diffuse prominence of cerebral ventricles and sulci	Patient died
5	4 y	M	Other	Medulloblastoma VPS, prolonged antibiotic therapy	No	Parenteral steroids, vincristine	Fever, seizures, behavioral changes, abnormal posturing, altered mental status, decreased activity	Hydrocephalus, infected hematoma	Meningeal enhancement, parenchymal lesions
6	2.5 mo	F	White	Prematurity	No	None	Apnea, bradycardia	CNS hemorrhage, bilateral renal fungal balls	Normal kidneys and CNS
7	1 mo	M	White	Prematurity	No	None	Apnea, hypotension	Hemorrhage a	Mild bilateral hydrocephalus, periventricular leukomalacia
8	18 mo	F	White	Neurologic trauma, VPS	No	None	Fever, altered mental status	Parenchymal lesions, ventriculitis, meningeal enhancement, infarction	Not applicable
9	16 y	M	White	Germinoma, VPS, prolonged antibiotic therapy	No	Parenteral steroids, carboplatin, etoposide	Fever, seizures, headache, poor appetite, decreased activity	Ventriculitis, meningeal enhancement, hemorrhage	Resolution of ventriculitis and meningeal enhancement

Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; 6MP, 6-mercaptopurine; VPS, ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

^a The hemorrhage was already present at the prenatal ultrasound.