Table 2. Baseline characteristics upon ICU admission of patients with pneumonia evoked ARDS as stratified for 30-day survival and non-survival (n = 136).
| Variable | Survivors n = 95 |
Non-Survivors n = 41 |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age yrs. (range/± SD) | 43.2 (18-77/±15.2) | 44.9 (18-66/±15.1) | 0.866 |
| Male gender | 54 (57%) | 25 (61%) | 0.654 |
| Body-mass-index (kg/m2) | 26.9 (±6.4) | 25.5 (± 6.5) | 0.259 |
| ARDS severity * | 0.655 | ||
| - mild | 20 (21%) | 6 (14%) | |
| - moderate | 30 (32%) | 13 (32%) | |
| - severe | 45 (47%) | 22 (54%) | |
| Organ function assessment | |||
| Renal | |||
| - Creatinine concentration (mg/ml) | 1.31 [0.88–2.61] | 1.69 [1.34–2.79] | 0.038 |
| - Cont. hemofiltration/dialysis | 43 (45%) | 22 (54%) | 0.368 |
| - AKI stage 1 | 8 (8%) | 6 (15%) | 0.143 |
| - AKI stage 2 | 32 (34%) | 6 (15%) | |
| - AKI stage 3 | 17 (12%) | 11(27%) | |
| Circulatory | |||
| - Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 82 [72–89] | 72.5 [68–81] | 0.034 |
| - Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 4.1 [3.2–4.8] | 3.8 [2.7–5.2] | 0.647 |
| - Vasopressor support (n/%) | 80 (84%) | 33 (80%) | 0.595 |
| - Inotropic support (n/%) | 31 (33%) | 19 (46%) | 0.128 |
| - ECMO therapy (n/%) | 25 (26%) | 12 (29%) | 0.723 |
| Respiratory | |||
| - Mean airway pressure (mmHg) | 28 [23–31] | 28 [24–31] | 0.899 |
| - Lung compliance (ml/mbar) | 28 [20–42] | 29 [17–40] | 0.623 |
| - Horowitz index (paO2/FiO2) | 105 [69.5–176] | 90 [72–117] | 0.297 |
| - Lung injury score | 3.3 (±0.5) | 3.2 (±0.5) | 0.585 |
| Inflammatory | |||
| - C-reactive protein concentration (mg/dl) | 18.0 [10.3–27.3] | 19.6 [7.6–24.7] | 0.811 |
| - Procalcitonin concentration (ng/ml) | 5.8 [0.6–35.4] | 10.5 [3,8–47.3] | 0.110 |
| - Leukocyte concentration (*109/l) | 15.9 [10.1–23.6] | 12.7 [8.8–17.2] | 0.102 |
| Hepatic | |||
| - Total bilirubin concentration (mg/dl) | 0.9 [0.5–1.5] | 1.3 [0.7–3.0] | 0.011 |
| - AST (U/l) | 52 [31–110] | 111 [44–360] | 0.007 |
| - ALT (U/l) | 31 [18–58] | 39 [20–132] | 0.043 |
| Organ dysfunction scores | |||
| - SAPS II | 48.4.7 (±16.4) | 57.3 (±16.0) | 0.004 |
| - SOFA | 12.8 (±5.7) | 15.4 (±3.4) | 0.011 |
| Outcome | |||
| - ICU stay (days) | 29.9 (±24.8) | 18.2 (±14.8) | 0.006 |
| - Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) | 16.9 (±8.6) | 11.1 (±8.2) | <0.001 |
| - Ventilator free days | 11.6 (±8.9) | 5.9 (±9.2) | 0.001 |
| - RRT free days | 10.1 (±9.5) | 5.2 (±8.2) | 0.005 |
Data are presented as n (%); means (± SD), and medians (25th, 75th percentile)
*ARDS severity according to Berlin definition [16]
ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Horowitz index: paO2/FiO2; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; SAPS II: Simplified Acute Physiology Score; SOFA: Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score; RRT: Renal replacement therapy