Table 2.

Factors involved in arrhythmogenesis in CKD

Electrolyte alterations (chronic and acute)

Autonomic imbalance

Haemodynamic instability during haemodialysis

Prolongation and increased dispersion of ventricular repolarization

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular dysfunction

Myocardial fibrosis

Scars due to myocardial infarction

Macro and microvessels angiopathy (atherosclerosis, diabetic microangiopathy, vascular calcification, etc.)

Endothelial dysfunction

Inflammatory processes

Oxidative stress

Acidosis and acidaemia

Anaemia

Uraemic state