Table 1.
Patient characteristics of the control and intervention groups
| Total (n = 506) | Control (n = 335) | Intervention (n = 171) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 287 (56.7) | 199 (59.4) | 88 (51.5) | 0.09 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 57.4 (19.1) | 55.9 (20.0) | 60.5 (16.9) | 0.01 |
| Age group | ||||
| ≤40 years | 108 (21.3) | 84 (25.1) | 24 (14.0) | 0.03 |
| 41–60 years | 136 (26.9) | 89 (26.6) | 47 (27.5) | |
| 61–80 years | 202 (39.9) | 125 (37.3) | 77 (45.0) | |
| 80+ years | 60 (11.9) | 37 (11.0) | 23 (13.5) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 276 (54.6) | 184 (54.9) | 92 (53.8) | 0.99 |
| Black | 161 (31.8) | 106 (31.6) | 55 (32.2) | |
| Asian | 8 (1.6) | 5 (1.5) | 3 (1.8) | |
| Other | 61 (12.1) | 40 (11.9) | 21 (12.3) | |
| Charlson Index | ||||
| 0 | 119 (23.5) | 87 (26.0) | 32 (18.7) | 0.19 |
| 1–2 | 120 (23.7) | 76 (22.7) | 44 (25.7) | |
| ≥3 | 267 (52.8) | 172 (51.3) | 95 (55.6) | |
| Apache score (mean, SD) | 18.6 (8.0) | 17.8 (7.7) | 20.8 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| Service | ||||
| Gastrointestinal surgery | 90 (17.8) | 55 (16.4) | 35 (20.5) | <0.001 |
| Emergency surgery | 135 (26.7) | 68 (20.3) | 67 (39.2) | |
| Trauma | 189 (37.4) | 138 (41.2) | 51 (29.8) | |
| Orthopedics | 10 (2.0) | 8 (2.4) | 2 (1.2) | |
| Other | 82 (16.2) | 66 (19.7) | 16 (9.4) | |
| Procedure | ||||
| Non-operative | 93 (18.4) | 70 (20.9) | 23 (13.5) | 0.16 |
| Exploratory laparotomy | 82 (16.2) | 49 (14.6) | 33 (19.3) | |
| Internal fixation/pinning | 58 (11.5) | 37 (11.0) | 21 (12.3) | |
| Bowel resection | 67 (13.2) | 40 (11.9) | 27 (15.8) | |
| Other | 206 (40.7) | 139 (41.5) | 67 (39.2) | |
| Primary diagnosis | ||||
| Fall | 73 (14.4) | 53 (15.8) | 20 (11.7) | 0.13 |
| Malignancy/mass | 52 (10.3) | 35 (10.5) | 17 (9.9) | |
| Motor vehicle collision | 41 (8.1) | 27 (8.1) | 14 (8.2) | |
| Gunshot wound | 38 (7.5) | 31 (9.3) | 7 (4.1) | |
| Othera | 302 (59.7) | 189 (56.4) | 113 (66.1) | |
a‘Other’ includes a diverse number of diagnoses which are too varied to categorize, including but not limited to: abdominal abscesses, aneurysms, ulcer disease, pancreatitis, diverticulitis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, bowel obstruction, necrotizing fasciitis, sepsis and bowel ischemia.