Table 4. Meta-analyses for secondary outcomes.
| Outcomes | Trials | ES (95% CI)* | P for overall effect | I2(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postoperative mortality | 4 | OR: 0.76 (0.66, 0.87) | <0.00001 | 0 |
| Length of hospital stay | 3 | WMD: −7.07 (−7.08, −7.06) | <0.00001 | 100 |
| Readmission | 4 | OR: 0.78 (0.72, 0.85) | <0.00001 | 93.1 |
| Hospital costs | 2 | WMD: −25,497.47 (−25,528.43, −25,466.51) | <0.00001 | 100 |
*, ORs with 95% CI was estimated using mantel-haenszel statistical method and random-effects model, and WMDs with 95% CI was estimated using inverse variance statistical method and fix-effects model. OR, odds ratio; WMD, weighted mean difference; ES, effect size.