Table 4.
Estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk from exposure to Cr, Cr (VI), oxidic Ni, and soluble Ni in welding by groups
| Work facilities | Metals | Incremental lifetime cancer risk | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbreviations: Cr: chromium; Ni: nickel | |||||
| Mean | SD | Minimum | Maximum | ||
| Pipeline construction | Cr | 4.2 | 2.8 | 6.2×10–2 | 3.7×101 |
| Cr (VI) | 1.4 | 9.6×10–1 | 8.5×10–2 | 1.0×101 | |
| Oxidic Ni | 3.6×10–2 | 1.6×10–2 | 1.5×10–3 | 3.6×10–1 | |
| Soluble Ni | 2.1×10–2 | 1.8×10–2 | 4.9×10–4 | 2.9×10–1 | |
| Pressure container manufacturing | Cr | 1.1×10–1 | 9.9×10–2 | 1.2×10–3 | 1.3 |
| Cr (VI) | 1.3×10–2 | 1.2×10–2 | 1.8×10–4 | 2.8×10–1 | |
| Oxidic Ni | 3.3×10–4 | 2.8×10–4 | 4.8×10–6 | 3.0×10–3 | |
| Soluble Ni | 1.2×10–4 | 7.1×10–5 | 3.2×10–5 | 7.5×10–4 | |
| Shipyard building | Cr | 3.4×10–3 | 3.1×10–3 | 7.4×10–5 | 6.6×10–2 |
| Cr (VI) | 1.1×10–3 | 8.7×10–4 | 9.8×10–6 | 1.1×10–2 | |
| Oxidic Ni | 3.1×10–5 | 2.8×10–5 | 9.2×10–7 | 6.5×10–4 | |
| Soluble Ni | 9.8×10–5 | 3.5×10–6 | 2.0×10–7 | 2.8×10–4 | |