Fig. 4. Osteoblastic activation of β-catenin in T1DM mice increased osteoclasts activities and bone porosity in cortical bone but not in trabecular bone.

a Representative images of TRAP staining and histomorphometric quantification of TRAP-stained osteoclasts in femoral trabecular and cortical bone. n = 9. Scale bars, 50 μm. b Representative images of H&E-stained longitudinal sections of the femoral diaphysis. The cortical porosity was quantified by histomorphometry and represented graphically. n = 9. Scale bars, 40 μm. c mRNA expression levels of osteoclast regulating factors in trabecular and cortical bone. n = 8. RANKL receptor activator of nuclear kappa B ligand, OPG osteoprotegerin. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus T1DM group by an unpaired t-test. N, not significant, P > 0.05