Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of healthy controls and T2DM patients.
| Characteristics | Healthy controls (N = 93) | T2DM patients (N = 93) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59.84 ± 11.65 | 60.23 ± 11.67 | 0.821# |
| Gender (male/female) | 40 / 53 | 39 / 54 | 0.882Δ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.20 ± 2.06 | 24.68 ± 3.46 | <0.001**# |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.39 ± 0.68 | 2.15 ± 1.42 | <0.001**∧ |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.47 ± 0.30 | 1.13 ± 0.24 | <0.001**# |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.10 ± 0.66 | 2.96 ± 0.83 | 0.340∧ |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.11 ± 0.78 | 5.88 ± 7.59 | 0.663∧ |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.15 ± 0.48 | 10.21 ± 6.74 | <0.001**∧ |
| Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (IU/L) | 19.75 ± 8.28 | 21.98 ± 10.90 | 0.343∧ |
| Serum creatinine (umol/L) | 72.81 ± 15.52 | 71.24 ± 26.35 | 0.064∧ |
| Blood uric acid (umol/L) | 338.49 ± 84.61 | 365.37 ± 113.80 | 0.186∧ |
| Postprandial blood glucose (mmol/L) | NA | 15.61 ± 4.59 | NA |
| HbA1c (%) | NA | 9.37 ± 2.71 | NA |
| Fasting C-peptide (ng/ml) | NA | 1.53 ± 1.26 | NA |
| Postprandial 1 h C-peptide (ng/ml) | NA | 2.61 ± 1.90 | NA |
| Postprandial 2 h C-peptide (ng/ml) | NA | 3.95 ± 3.10 | NA |
| eGFR (mL/min) | NA | 80.93 ± 19.75 | NA |
| Abnormal-microalbuminuria [n(%)] | NA | 37 (20.43%) | NA |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 0 | 6.76 ± 5.86 | NA |
| Current smoking [n(%)] | NA | 23 (24.73%) | NA |
| Current drinking [n(%)] | NA | 6 (6.45%) | NA |
| Only Oral DM medication [n(%)] | NA | 19 (20.43%) | NA |
| Only Insulin treatment [n(%)] | NA | 13 (13.98%) | NA |
| Both Oral DM medication and insulin treatment [n(%)] | NA | 60 (64.52%) | NA |
Data are shown as the means ± standard deviation or number (%).
**
P < 0.001; the bold in the table means statistically significant. (P < 0.05).
#
The P-value of T-test,
Δ
the P-value of χ2 test; the P-values of Mann-Whitney test.
T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NA, not available.