Table 1.
| Sex | Age | Clinical diagnosis | Neuropathological classification | Inflammatory infiltrates and confluent demyelinationa | Perivascular complement deposition and/or AQP-4 lossb | Eosinophilic cell infiltrationb | Comment | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | 71 | Fulminant encephalomyelitis | MS pattern II, in addition lesions with complement activation and AQP4 loss | + | + in a single lesion of optic chiasm | nr | Late seroconversion to low-titer AQP-4 antibody positivity during disease course | (91) |
| M | 46 | Encephalitis, ADEM-like lesions and unilateral optic neuritis | Mild inflammatory changes | na | na | na | No demyelinating lesions | (56) |
| F | 29 | Cerebral cortical encephalitis with epilepsy and bilateral optic neuritis | Inflammatory infiltrates in the cortex and subcortex | na | na | na | No demyelinating lesions | (58) |
| F | 63 | CIS | MS pattern II | + | – | – | – | (93) |
| W | 49 | RRMS | MS pattern II | + | – | – | – | (90) |
| M | 49 | ADEM | MS pattern II with an overlap of MS pattern III | + | – | – | Oligodendrocyte apoptosis and loss | (94) |
| M | 34 | ADEM | MS pattern II | + | – | – | – | |
| F | 66 | Recurrent myelitis and brainstem involvement followed by tumefactive bilateral lesions | MS pattern II | + | – | – | – | (92) |
| F | 67 | NMOSD, recurrent myelitis followed by cerebral tumefactive lesions | No pattern classification, inflammatory demyelination without astrocyte loss | + | nr | nr | – | (47) |
a
Typical neuropathological findings of MS and NMOSD.
b
Typical neuropathological findings of NMOSD, nr, not reported; na, not applicable.