Table 2.
Linear Mixed Model Summary for Study 1: Effects of anxiety treatment on sleep
| Intercept | Post-Treatment | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measures | Coefficient (SE) | t | Confidence Interval |
Coefficient (SE) | t | Confidence Interval |
Estimated Marginal Mean (SE) |
d |
| CSHQ Total | 61.62 (5.40)*** | 11.42 | 50.94 – 72.31 | −2.50 (0.75)** | −3.34 | −3.97 – −1.02 | 48.67 (0.85) | 0.27 |
| a. Bedtime resistance | 13.89 (1.88)*** | 7.39 | 10.17 – 17.61 | −0.83 (0.23)*** | −3.63 | −1.28 – −0.38 | 8.91 (0.29) | 0.27 |
| b. Sleep Onset Delay | 3.00 (0.41)*** | 7.26 | 2.18 – 3.82 | −0.25 (0.08)** | −3.21 | −0.40 – −0.10 | 1.82 (0.07) | 0.33 |
| c. Sleep Duration | 3.92 (0.97)*** | 4.05 | 2.01 – 5.84 | 0.18 (0.17) | 1.05 | −0.16 – 0.51 | 4.80 (0.17) | −0.10 |
| d. Sleep Anxiety | 12.45 (1.29)*** | 9.65 | 9.89 – 15.00 | −0.74 (0.16)*** | −4.58 | −1.06 – −0.42 | 6.15 (0.20) | 0.35 |
| e. Night Waking | 5.26 (0.90)*** | 5.83 | 3.47 – 7.04 | −0.11 (0.13) | −0.80 | −0.37 – 0.16 | 4.32 (0.15) | 0.07 |
| f. Parasomnias | 10.97 (1.15)*** | 9.51 | 8.69 – 13.26 | −0.69 (0.20)*** | −3.52 | −1.07 – −0.30 | 8.78 (0.20) | 0.34 |
| g. Sleep-disordered Breathing |
3.46 (0.45)*** | 7.64 | 2.56 – 4.36 | −0.07 (0.09) | −0.75 | −0.24 – 0.11 | 3.37 (0.08) | 0.08 |
| h. Daytime Sleepiness | 14.62 (2.26)*** | 6.48 | 10.16 – 19.09 | −0.33 (0.33) | −1.00 | −0.98 – 0.32 | 13.87 (0.34) | 0.09 |
| SSR Total | 54.70 (4.06)*** | 13.49 | 46.68 – 62.72 | −2.58 (0.79)*** | −3.26 | −4.14 – −1.02 | 38.13 (0.73) | 0.37 |
| Sleep Diary | ||||||||
| a. Sleep Latency OnsetLN | 3.19 (0.43)*** | 7.38 | 2.34 – 4.05 | −0.11 ( 0.07) | −1.59 | −0.26 – 0.03 | 2.69 (0.08) | 0.16 |
| b. Wake After Sleep OnsetLN | 1.14 (0.54)* | 2.10 | .07– 2.22 | −0.36 (0.10)*** | −3.43 | −0.56 – −0.15 | 0.98 (0.10) | 0.34 |
| c. Midpoint Sleep PeriodLN | 4.99 (0.12)*** | 39.99 | 4.74 – 5.23 | 0.02 (0.01) | 1.16 | −0.01 – 0.06 | 5.28 (0.02) | −0.10 |
| d. Total Sleep Time | 702.68 (27.06)*** | 26.00 | 649.20 – 756.17 | 18.94 (5.68)*** | 3.33 | 7.78 – 30.10 | 548.93 (5.29) | −0.35 |
| e. Sleep Quality | 74.40 (11.19)*** | 6.65 | 52.27 – 96.53 | 6.68 (1.75)*** | 3.81 | 3.23 – 10.13 | 73.20 (1.92) | −0.33 |
| f. Difficulty Waking | 84.33 (11.38)*** | 7.41 | 61.81 – 106.84 | 0.65 (2.15) | 0.30 | −3.59 – 4.88 | 63.42 (2.12) | −0.03 |
| Actigraphy | ||||||||
| a. Sleep Onset LatencyLN | 3.22 (0.25)*** | 12.75 | 2.72 – 3.71 | 0.05 (0.06) | 0.93 | −0.06 – 0.17 | 2.95 (0.05) | −0.11 |
| b. Wake After Sleep OnsetLN | 4.48 (0.40)*** | 11.12 | 3.68– 5.27 | −0.08 (0.09) | −0.96 | −0.25 – 0.09 | 3.48 (0.08) | 0.10 |
| c. Midpoint Sleep PeriodLN | 7.38 (0.02)*** | 446.20 | 7.35 – 7.41 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.65 | −0.00 – 0.01 | 7.41 (0.00) | −0.07 |
| d. Total Sleep Time | 603.32 (25.44)*** | 23.71 | 553.00 – 653.63 | 3.40 (5.52) | 0.62 | −7.45 – 14.25 | 478.60 (5.02) | −.01 |
Note. SE. = Standard Error; CSHQ = Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire; SSR = Sleep Self Report; Tx. = Treatment; results for covariates (gender, age, and number of school nights) are not reported in the table. Random effects, including variance of intercept and autoregressive model of order 1 (AR1) residual covariance parameters (to correct for autocorrelation between time points) were included in the model but are not reported in the table. Estimated marginal means and standard errors are reported to guide interpretation of direction of effects relative to baseline.
*
p<.05,
**
p<.01,
***
p<.001;
LN
=Sleep diary and actigraphy variables were logarithmically transformed.