Microscopic changes in rabbit ligated small intestinal loops incubated for 6 h with C. perfringens type C wild type strain CN3685, its mutants, purified CPB or sterile culture medium (negative control). Loops inoculated with sterile culture medium or the cpb null mutant strain BMC100 showed no significant microscopic abnormalities, while loops inoculated with wild-type CN3685, BMC101 (plc null mutant), BMC102 (pfoA null mutant) or BMC103 (double plc/pfoA null mutant) showed severe damage including mucosal necrosis and hemorrhage, villus blunting, and mild neutrophilic infiltration of mucosa and sub-mucosa. H&E, 200×. Reproduced with permission from Sayeed et al, 2007.