Table 1.
Infection event characteristics at baseline in healthy controls, in non-developing RA first degree relatives (non-RA FDR), in FDR developing rheumatoid arthritis (FDR-RA), and newly diagnosed RA patients.
| Infection | Healthy controls (n = 283) | Non-RA FDR (n = 257) | FDR-RA (n = 26) | New RA (n = 283) | All | FDR-RA vs. Non RA FDR | FDR-RA vs. New RA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bronchitis acute | 18 (6.4%) 2 (1–2.5) events 14 (8.5–18) days |
20 (7.8%) 2 (1–3) events 14 (12–14) days |
2 (7.8%) 4.5 (3–6) events 19.5 (18–21) days |
30 (10.6%) 2 (1–3) events 14 (11–21) days |
0.566 0.544 0.544 |
1 0.474 0.673 |
1 0.580 1 |
| Bronchitis chronic exacerbation | 4 (1.4%) 2 (1.25–2) events 45 (34–48) days |
15 (5.8%) 2 (1–3) events 30 (17–30) days |
3 (11.5%) 3 events 24 (21–30) days |
24 (8.5%) 2 (1–3.75) events 27 (18–30) days |
0.005 0.544 0.544 |
0.801 0.628 1 |
1 1 1 |
| Herpes zoster | 3 (1.1%) 1 events 14 days |
2 (0.8%) 1 event 30 days |
0– – |
4 (1.4%) 1 event 13.5 (10–27) days |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
| HSV reactivation/recurrence | 67 (23.7%) 2 (1–3) events 7 (3–7) days |
94 (36.6%) 2 (1–4) events 7 (7–10) days |
12 (46.2%) 4 (1.5–6) events 7 (4–10) days |
82 (29.0%) 2 (1–3) events 7 (5–10) days |
0.012 0.235 1 |
1 0.309 1 |
1 0.371 1 |
| Otitis acute | 2 (0.7%) 2.5 (1–4) events 6.5 (3–10) days |
7 (2.7%) 1 (1–2) events 14 (7–14) days |
0 – – |
20 (7.1%) 2 (1–4) events 10 (7–14) days |
0.002 1 0.783 |
1 1 1 |
0.58 1 1 |
| Otitis chronic exacerbation | 0– – |
2 (0.8%) 4 events 9 (4–14) days |
0 – – |
2 (0.7%) 2.5 (2–3) events 12 (10–14) days |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
| Pneumonia | 0 – – |
1 (0.4%) 1 event 14 days |
0– – |
2 (0.7%) 1.5 (1–2) events 26 (21–30) days |
0.845 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
| Sinusitis acute | 8 (2.8%) 1 (1–2) events 7.5 (7–14) days |
8 (3.1%) 1.5 (1–3) events 12 (10–14) days |
1 (3.8%) 1 events 21 days |
12 (4.2%) 1 (1–3) events 14 (8–20) days |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
| Sinusitis chronic exacerbation | 4 (1.4%) 2.5 (1.25–3) year 15 (11–22) days |
10 (3.9%) 3 (2–7.5) events 14 (13–23) days |
2 (7.8%) 1 event 14 days |
4 (1.4%) 3.5 (2.25–4) events 15.5 (14–27) days |
0.145 0.290 1 |
1 0.309 1 |
1 0.446 1 |
| Skin infection | 4 (1.4%) 1.5 (1–2) events 10.5 (7–14) days |
17 (6.6%) 1 (1–2) events 14 (10–20.5) days |
5 (19.2%) 1 (1–7) events 12 (10–17.5) days |
14 (4.9%) 1 (1–4) events 14 (14–20) days |
< 10−4
1 0.551 |
0.323 1 1 |
0.290 1 1 |
| Stomatitis | 1 (0.4%) 3 events 7 days |
3 (1.2%) 3 (1–12) events 10 (10–14) days |
0 – – |
7 (3.8%) 1 (1–2) events 7 (6–30) days |
0.334 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
| Tonsillitis acute | 39 (13.8%) 2 (1–3) events 5 (2–7) days |
61 (23.7%) 3 (2–5) events 7 (4–10) days |
12 (46.2%) 4 (3–5.75) events 10 (7.25–14) days |
79 (27.9%) 3 (2–6) events 10 (7–14) days |
< 10−4
0.002 < 10−4 |
0.309 0.754 0.309 |
1 1 1 |
| Tonsillitis chronic exacerbation | 12 (4.2%) 5 (3–12) events 7 (3–10) days |
39 (15.2%) 8 (4–12) events 10 (5–14) days |
4 (15.4%) 9.5 (3–12) events 11.5 (8–13) days |
20 (7.1%) 3 (2–5) events 14 (10–14) days |
< 10−4
0.002 0.242 |
1 1 1 |
0.628 0.371 1 |
| Upper respiratory infection (URI) | 161 (56.9%) 2 (1–2) events 6 (3–7) days |
158 (61.5%) 2 (1–3) events 7 (4–7) days |
14 (53.8%) 4 (3–6) events 7 (3.75–10) days |
140 (49.5%) 2 (1–4) events 7 (4–10) days |
0.122 < 10−4 0.025 |
1 0.03 1 |
0.628 0.116 1 |
| URI + antibiotics | 32 (11.3%) 2 (1–2) events 7 (4–13) days |
78 (30.4%) 4 (2–6) events 10 (4–14) days |
6 (23.1%) 2.5 (1–5) events 17.5 (9–37) days |
40 (14.1%) 2 (1–5) events 11 (7–20) days |
< 10−4
< 10−4 0.019 |
1 0.474 0.474 |
1 1 1 |
| Upper urinary tract | 3 (1.0%) 1 (1–3) events 14 (10–14) days |
4 (1.6%) 2 (1.25–2) events 19 (12–28) days |
0 – – |
6 (2.1%) 2 (1–4.5) events 14 (14–21) days |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
| Lower urinary tract | 1 (0.4%) 1 events 10 days |
7 (2.7%) 2 (1–2) events 10 (5–10) days |
2 (7.8%) 6.5 (1–12) events 7 (4–10) days |
4 (1.4%) 2 (1–5) events 10 (5.5–13) days |
0.032 1 1 |
0.757 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
| Hepatitis A virus (life) | 7 (2.4%) | 7 (2.3%) | 0 | 1 (0.4%) | 0.290 | 1 | 1 |
| Hepatitis B virus (life) | 3 (1.0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 | 0 | 0.560 | 1 | 1 |
| Hepatitis C virus (life) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Tuberculosis in history | 0 | 3 (1.2%) | 3 (11.5%) | 3 (1.0%) | < 10−4 | 0.309 | 0.261 |
| Active tuberculosis | 0 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Pneumonia (life) | 26 (9.2%) | 28 (10.9%) | 4 (15.4%) | 20 (7.1%) | 0.560 | 1 | 0.628 |
| Presence of chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma | 10/54 (18.5%) | 14/47 (29.8%) | 5/7 (71.4%) | 14/33 (42.4%) | 0.032 | 0.474 | 0.628 |
The annual (or life when reported) infectious prevalence are reported and when positive the incidence per year (events: number of event/year) and the annual event duration (days: days/event/year) are expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR). The p-values corrected using the Benjamini–Hochberg method for multiple testing (58 tests) are presented. HSV, herpes simplex virus; URI, upper respiratory infections.