Table 2.
Frequently asked questions (FAQs) associated with preference shift for the interactive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Option Grid decision aid based on the multinomial regression analysis.
| Variablea | “Having a PSA” shifted to “not having a PSA” (n=76), ORb (95% CI) | “Not having a PSA” shifted to “having a PSA” (n=2), OR (95% CI) | “Not having a PSA” preference retained (n=41), OR (95% CI) | P valuec | |
| FAQ 1: What does the test involve? | .002e | ||||
|
|
Not sure | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
|
|
Have a PSA test | 0.48 (0.07-3.09) | 205 (0.00-0.00)d | 9.7×106 (0.00-0.00)d | |
|
|
Not have PSA test | 5.9×105 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 7.0×1013 (0.00-0.00)d | |
| FAQ 2: What are my chances of having prostate cancer in my lifetime? | .94 | ||||
|
|
Not sure | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
|
|
Have a PSA test | 0.40 (0.04-3.73) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.27 (0.02-4.09) | |
|
|
Not have PSA test | 0.12 (0.00-0.00)d | 3.89 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.03 (0.00-0.00)d | |
| FAQ 3: If my PSA level is high, what are the chances that I have prostate cancer? | .01e | ||||
|
|
Not sure | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
|
|
Have a PSA test | 1.02 (0.08-13.63) | 236 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.07 (0.00-1.81) | |
|
|
Not have PSA Test | 0.71 (0.04-13.73) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.26 (0.01-8.23) | |
| FAQ 4: If my PSA level is normal, can I be sure that I don’t have prostate cancer? | .26 | ||||
|
|
Not sure | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
|
|
Have a PSA test | 0.11 (0.01-1.33) | 2.81×1010 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.57 (0.02-14.53) | |
|
|
Not have PSA test | 0.33 (0.02-4.71) | 94.79 (0.00-0.00)d | 1.13 (0.04-30.95) | |
| FAQ 5: Will getting the PSA test lower my chance of dying from prostate cancer? | .07 | ||||
|
|
Not sure | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
|
|
Have a PSA test | 13.43 (0.73-246) | 2.06×1011 (0.00-0.00)d | 114.96 (0.78-169.02) | |
|
|
Not have PSA test | 17.69 (0.88-353) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 223.42 (1.51-330.33) | |
| FAQ 6: What are the advantages? | .09 | ||||
|
|
Not sure | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
|
|
Have a PSA test | 1.60 (0.09-30.35) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 1.66 (0.05-51.22) | |
|
|
Not have PSA test | 16.23 (0.70-377) | 0.25 (0.00-0.00)d | 10.72 (0.31-373.95) | |
| FAQ 7: What are the risks? | .01e | ||||
|
|
Not sure | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
|
|
Have a PSA test | 0.26 (0.01-11.67) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.05 (0.00-2.95) | |
|
|
Not have PSA test | 0.76 (0.02-39.09) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.26 (0.00-17.42) | |
| FAQ 8: What risks are associated with a prostate biopsy? | .99 | ||||
|
|
Not sure | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
|
|
Have a PSA test | 2.75 (0.05-154) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.98 (0.01-167.57) | |
|
|
Not have PSA test | 4.33 (0.07-255) | 7.64 (7.64-7.64)d | 1.37 (0.01-237.35) | |
| FAQ 9: What other side effects can I expect from a prostate biopsy? | .89 | ||||
|
|
Not sure | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
|
|
Have a PSA test | 0.25 (0.01-4.33) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.43 (0.01-15.63) | |
|
|
Not have PSA test | 0.24 (0.01-4.27) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.53 (0.02-18.50) | |
| FAQ 10: What are the risks associated with prostate cancer treatment? | .61 | ||||
|
|
Not sure | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
|
|
Have a PSA test | 0.23 (0.03-1.88) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.50 (0.03-7.45) | |
|
|
Not have PSA test | 0.42 (0.05-3.53) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00)d | 0.39 (0.03-5.95) | |
aReference category: “having a PSA test” preference retained.
bOR: odds ratio.
cEstimated P value for the association between FAQs and preference shift.
dThe cell sample size was too small; thus, we could not compute OR or CI.
eSignificantly shifted screening preference.