Table 3.
Feature frequency in the reviewed diabetes management apps for the 3 hierarchy levels.
| Level hierarchy | Apps containing the feature, n (%) | ||
| Personalization (n=70) | 70 (100.0) | ||
|
|
User profile and picture | 40 (57.1) | |
|
|
Blood glucose diary | 64 (91.4) | |
|
|
Mood | 14 (20.0) | |
|
|
Goals | 33 (47.1) | |
|
|
Insulin type and dosage | 21 (30.0) | |
|
|
Tailored advice | 8 (11.4) | |
|
|
Measurements | 24 (34.3) | |
|
|
|
Weight | 24 (34.3) |
|
|
|
Height | 14 (20.0) |
|
|
|
Hemoglobin A1c | 17 (24.3) |
|
|
|
Blood pressure | 15 (21.4) |
|
|
|
Alcohol | 1 (0.1) |
|
|
|
Age | 6 (8.6) |
|
|
|
Gender | 14 (0.2) |
|
|
|
Tobacco | 1 (0.1) |
|
|
|
Years with type 1 diabetes mellitus | 12 (17.1) |
|
|
Physical activity | 35 (50.0) | |
| Family support (n=30) | 30 (100.0) | ||
|
|
Access | 30 (100.0) | |
|
|
|
Read and write | 8 (26.7) |
|
|
|
Read | 22 (73.3) |
|
|
Literature | 7 (23.3) | |
|
|
|
Books | 12 (40.0) |
|
|
|
Web pages | 7 (23.3) |
| Agenda (n=29) | 29 (100.0) | ||
|
|
Appointments | 29 (100.0) | |
| Data record (n=64) | 64 (100.0) | ||
|
|
Manual | 62 (96.9) | |
|
|
Automatically | 30 (46.9) | |
|
|
|
Glucometer | 27 (42.2) |
|
|
|
Mobile phone | 17 (26.6) |
|
|
|
Smartwatch/wearable | 1 (1.6) |
| Insulin bolus calculation (n=20) | 20 (100.0) | ||
|
|
Injection | 17 (85.0) | |
|
|
|
Bolus | 9 (45.0) |
|
|
Pump | 7 (35.0) | |
|
|
|
Basal | 9 (45.0) |
| Data management (n=60) | 60 (100.0) | ||
|
|
Export | 34 (56.7) | |
|
|
|
Comma-separated values | 16 (26.7) |
|
|
|
Excel | 6 (10.0) |
|
|
|
10 (16.7) | |
|
|
|
Other | 20 (33.3) |
|
|
Cloud storage | 28 (46.7) | |
|
|
Statistics | 18 (30.0) | |
|
|
Charts | 51 (85.0) | |
| Interaction (n=23) | 23 (100.0) | ||
|
|
Endocrinologists | 16 (69.6) | |
|
|
Parents/mentors | 14 (60.9) | |
|
|
Among users | 9 (39.1) | |
| Tips and support (n=60) | 60 (100.0) | ||
|
|
User manual of the app | 46 (76.7) | |
|
|
Diet/food information | 28 (46.7) | |
|
|
24/7 medical support | 7 (11.7) | |
|
|
Emergency | 11 (18.3) | |
| Reminders (n=33) | 33 (100.0) | ||
|
|
Blood glucose control and insulin | 33 (100.0) | |
|
|
Insulin/strips purchase | 28 (84.8) | |
|
|
Appointments | 29 (87.9) | |
| Rewards (n=3) | 3 (100.0) | ||
|
|
App Store/Google Play credit | 0 (0.0) | |
|
|
Inside the app | 3 (100.0) | |
|
|
Other (Amazon, eBay, etc.) | 1 (33.3) | |