Table 4.
Risk factors for early LUTS using univariate and multivariate analyses. The factors associated with early LUTS were BL IPSS (P = 0.002), PV (P < 0.001), and number of needles (P = 0.042) on univariate analysis. BL IPSS (P < 0.001) and PV (P < 0.001) were independent predictive factors for early LUTS on multivariate analysis.
| Univariate |
Multivariate |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | ||
| Age (y) | <72 | 1 | |||||
| ≧72 | 0.8 | 0.59–1.07 | 0.13 | ||||
| iPSA (ng/mL) | < 6.5 | 1 | |||||
| ≧6.5 | 0.91 | 0.67–1.22 | 0.52 | ||||
| baseline IPSS | <8 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| ≧8 | 0.62 | 0.46–0.84 | 0.002 | 0.6 | 0.44–0.81 | < 0.001 | |
| clinical T | cT1c | 1 | |||||
| cT2a- | 0.99 | 0.74–1.33 | 0.94 | ||||
| Gleason score sum | 6 | 1 | |||||
| ≧ 7 | 1.07 | 0.79–1.44 | 0.66 | ||||
| D'Amico risk classification | low | 1 | |||||
| intermediate/high | 1.07 | 0.79–1.46 | 0.67 | ||||
| Prostate volume (cm3) | < 27 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| ≧ 27 | 1.76 | 1.3–2.38 | < 0.001 | 1.78 | 1.29–2.44 | < 0.001 | |
| ADT(neo and/or adjuvant) | No | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 0.99 | 0.71–1.38 | 0.95 | ||||
| EBRT | No | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 0.96 | 0.62–1.49 | 0.87 | ||||
| BED (Gy2) | < 200 | 1 | |||||
| ≧ 200 | 1.13 | 0.84–1.52 | 0.41 | ||||
| Number of Needles | < 23 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| ≧ 23 | 1.37 | 1.01–1.84 | 0.042 | 1.16 | 0.84–1.58 | 0.37 | |
| Number of Seeds | < 65 | 1 | |||||
| ≧ 65 | 1.24 | 0.92–1.67 | 0.15 | ||||
| α-1 adrenergic antagonist | No | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 0.99 | 0.66–1.48 | 0.95 | ||||
| Hypertension | No | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 0.95 | 0.7–1.28 | 0.72 | ||||
| Diabetes Mellitus | No | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 1.39 | 0.9–2.14 | 0.14 | ||||
HR = harzard ratio, CI = Confidence interval, iPSA = initial prostate-specific antigen, ADT = androgen-deprivation therapy, EBRT = external beam radiotherapy, BED = biological effective dose.