Figure 5.

Entry of glucose into glycolysis, hexokinase-2 linked mitochondrial dysfunction, and transcriptional signaling for glycolytic overload. Text boxes indicate processes involved in senescence-associated glycolytic overload. These are reversed by SFN treatment except for TXNIP-mediated curb on glucose uptake which is enhanced. Key: green, transcriptional and allosteric effectors for increased glycolysis; blue, HK2 displacement from mitochondria with increased cellular G6P, with metabolic channelling to glycogen synthesis. VDAC: voltage-dependent anion channel.