Table 1.

Culture systems of multiple organoids

Organoid type	Sources	Culture components	Ref.
Lung	Lung alveolar epithelial cells (together with lung fibroblasts)	Matrigel SAGM medium with all additives except epinephrine (Y27632 was added during the first 2 days. Wnt3A, FGF7, FGF10, XAV939 and CHIR99021 were added after the first 2 days)	[6]
Gastric	hPSCs	Matrigel Advanced Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)/F12 with N2, B27, l-glutamine, HEPES, penicillin/streptomycin and EGF (Retinoic acid and Noggin were added for the first 3 days)	[36]
	Lgr5+ stem cells	Matrigel Advanced DMEM/F12 with N2, B27, N-acetylcysteine, Gastrin, and EGF, R-spondin-1, Noggin, FGF10 and Wnt3A (Y-27632 was added for the first 2 days, and Exendin 4 was added for the differentiation of enteroendocrine lineage)	[37]
Intestinal	ESCs and iPSCs	Matrigel Advanced DMEM/F12, N2, B27, l-glutamine, HEPES, penicillin–streptomycin, EGF and Noggin	[9]
Liver	iPSCs	Matrigel Hepatocyte culture medium supplemented with dexamethasone, oncostatin M, hepatocyte growth factor and SingleQuots	[38]
Pancreas	Pancreatic progenitor from hPSCs	Matrigel MCDB131, glucose, sodium bicarbonate, FAF- bovine serum albumin, l-glutamine, l-ascorbic acid, FGF2, Y27632, insulin–transferrin–selenium–ethanolamine, nicotinamide, FGF10, glucose, indolactam V and the transforming growth factor β-receptor inhibitor SB431542	[39]
Prostate	Luminal and basal prostatic epithelial lineages	Matrigel Advanced DMEM/F12, penicillin/streptomycin, GlutaMAX and Hepes, B27, N-acetylcysteine, EGF, the transforming growth factor-beta inhibitor A-83-01, Noggin, R-spondin-1, dihydrotestosterone, nicotinamide, FGF2, FGF10, SB202190 and prostaglandin E2 (Y-27632 is added when passaging with TrypLE)	[16]
Brain	ESCs	Matrigel Advanced DMEM/F12, FGF2, insulin, Shh signaling inhibitor, bone morphogenetic protein, Y-27632, SB431542, FGF19 and stromal cell-derived factor 1	[40]