Fig. 4.

BML-111 targeted MAPK1 pathway but mTOR-independent mechanism to induce autophagy. a The activation of MAPK1 and MAPK8 was detected by Western blot in AM treated as indicated. Representative Western blot image was shown on the left and the quantification of each protein level relative to that of the internal control (GAPDH) shown on the right. b AM were treated as indicated, in autophagy inhibitor MHY-1485 and mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin. LC3-II expression was examined by immunofluorescence (green signals). All cells were counter stained with DAPI (blue signal). Representative immunofluorescence images from indicated cells were shown on the bottom and the percentage of LC3-II+ cells quantified and shown as histogram on the top. n = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01