Figure 3.

a) Schematic of the sample volume‐independent fully laminated 3D‐μPAD system. b) Experimentally obtained hue values after application of various volumes of aqueous anti‐HIV1 solutions (1 nm or 10 nm) to devices modified with anti‐HIV‐LUMABS; error bars indicate the SD for triplicate readouts from three signal detection areas on one single device. Data recorded 15 min after sample application. c) Outline of the detection areas and photos showing the actual colorimetric response as recorded by the camera.