Table 1.
Sociodemographic, medical, and follow‐up characteristics of patients initiating approved drugs (acamprosate, naltrexone, nalmefene) or baclofen for alcohol use disorders
| Approved drugs | Baclofen | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All doses | Doses (mg/day) at the end of follow‐upa | |||||||||||
| Characteristics | < 30 | 30‐75 | 75‐180 | ≥ 180 | ||||||||
| Number of incident patients, n | 117 720 | 47 614 | 21 495 | 17 103 | 7274 | 1742 | ||||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 47 (39‐55) | 48 (40‐56) | 50 (41‐58) | 48 (40‐56) | 46 (38‐54) | 44 (36‐53) | ||||||
| Age groups, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| <30 | 7028 | (6.0) | 2843 | (6.0) | 1188 | (5.5) | 997 | (5.8) | 521 | (7.2) | 137 | (7.9) |
| 30‐40 | 22 492 | (19.1) | 8440 | (17.7) | 3351 | (15.6) | 3023 | (17.7) | 1610 | (22.1) | 456 | (26.2) |
| 40‐50 | 38 834 | (33.0) | 14 462 | (30.4) | 6170 | (28.7) | 5322 | (31.1) | 2394 | (32.9) | 576 | (33.1) |
| 50‐60 | 33 620 | (28.6) | 13 723 | (28.8) | 6507 | (30.3) | 4969 | (29.1) | 1862 | (25.6) | 385 | (22.1) |
| 60‐70 | 15 746 | (13.4) | 8146 | (17.1) | 4279 | (19.9) | 2792 | (16.3) | 887 | (12.2) | 188 | (10.8) |
| Gender: Male, n (%) | 81 519 | (69.2) | 26 736 | (56.2) | 10 890 | (50.7) | 10 138 | (59.3) | 4596 | (63.2) | 1112 | (63.8) |
| Deprivation index, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| 1 (least deprived) | 16 387 | (13.9) | 8543 | (17.9) | 3240 | (15.1) | 3223 | (18.8) | 1641 | (22.6) | 439 | (25.2) |
| 2 | 20 867 | (17.7) | 8856 | (18.6) | 3740 | (17.4) | 3215 | (18.8) | 1506 | (20.7) | 395 | (22.7) |
| 3 | 23 723 | (20.2) | 9576 | (20.1) | 4308 | (20.0) | 3455 | (20.2) | 1469 | (20.2) | 344 | (19.7) |
| 4 | 25 726 | (21.9) | 9841 | (20.7) | 4662 | (21.7) | 3479 | (20.3) | 1408 | (19.4) | 292 | (16.8) |
| 5 (more deprived) | 28 862 | (24.5) | 9802 | (20.6) | 5005 | (23.3) | 3386 | (19.8) | 1165 | (16.0) | 246 | (14.1) |
| DOM (index not available.) | 2155 | (1.8) | 996 | (2.1) | 540 | (2.5) | 345 | (2.0) | 85 | (1.2) | 26 | (1.5) |
| Patients according to the speciality of the physician initiating treatment, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| General practitioner | 77 997 | (66.3) | 33 652 | (70.7) | 16 642 | (77.4) | 11 778 | (68.9) | 4256 | (58.5) | 976 | (56.0) |
| Salaried physician | 30 707 | (26.1) | 9498 | (19.9) | 3686 | (17.1) | 3467 | (20.3) | 1863 | (25.6) | 482 | (27.7) |
| Psychiatrist | 9016 | (7.7) | 4464 | (9.4) | 1167 | (5.4) | 1858 | (10.9) | 1155 | (15.9) | 284 | (16.3) |
| Hospitalisation for an alcohol‐related problem, n (%) | 27 620 | (23.5) | 6059 | (12.7) | 1717 | (8.0) | 2580 | (15.1) | 1411 | (19.4) | 352 | (20.2) |
| Psychiatric drugs, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Antipsychotic | 16 279 | (13.8) | 5778 | (12.1) | 1817 | (8.5) | 2367 | (13.8) | 1277 | (17.6) | 317 | (18.2) |
| Anxiolytic | 84 241 | (71.6) | 21 259 | (44.6) | 8142 | (37.9) | 8453 | (49.4) | 3787 | (52.1) | 877 | (50.3) |
| Antidepressant | 51 494 | (43.7) | 18 555 | (39.0) | 7473 | (34.8) | 7106 | (41.5) | 3227 | (44.4) | 749 | (43.0) |
| Hypnotic | 28 520 | (24.2) | 9820 | (20.6) | 3827 | (17.8) | 3837 | (22.4) | 1748 | (24.0) | 408 | (23.4) |
| Comorbidities according to cumulative Charlson score, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| 0 (no comorbidity) | 98 298 | (83.5) | 38 480 | (80.8) | 17 029 | (79.2) | 13 917 | (81.4) | 6051 | (83.2) | 1483 | (85.1) |
| 0 (score 0 with comorbidities) | 6386 | (5.4) | 3080 | (6.5) | 1585 | (7.4) | 1052 | (6.2) | 377 | (5.2) | 66 | (3.8) |
| 1 (score 1 with comorbidities) | 13 036 | (11.1) | 6054 | (12.7) | 2881 | (13.4) | 2134 | (12.5) | 846 | (11.6) | 193 | (11.1) |
| Number of dispensings during treatment, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| 2 dispensings | 49 247 | (41.8) | 18 353 | (38.5) | 10 565 | (49.2) | 6116 | (35.8) | 1421 | (19.5) | 251 | (14.4) |
| 3 dispensings | 24 657 | (20.9) | 8584 | (18.0) | 4096 | (19.1) | 3179 | (18.6) | 1082 | (14.9) | 227 | (13.0) |
| 4 to 6 dispensings | 25 894 | (22.0) | 10 392 | (21.8) | 3886 | (18.1) | 4016 | (23.5) | 2069 | (28.4) | 421 | (24.2) |
| More than 6 dispensings | 17 922 | (15.2) | 10 285 | (21.6) | 2948 | (13.7) | 3792 | (22.2) | 2702 | (37.1) | 843 | (48.4) |
| Patients on treatment at 6 months, n (%) | 19 698 | (16.7) | 10 355 | (21.7) | 3311 | (15.4) | 3908 | (22.8) | 2475 | (34.0) | 661 | (37.9) |
| Duration of treatment in days, median (IQR) | 81 (60‐138) | 87 (60‐162) | 60 (60‐127) | 88 (60‐169) | 120 (63‐237) | 129 (64‐278) | ||||||
| Reason for end of follow‐upa, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Events | 11 918 | (10.1) | 4864 | (10.2) | 1797 | (8.4) | 1876 | (11.0) | 923 | (12.7) | 268 | (15.4) |
| End of exposure | 87 374 | (74.2) | 34 067 | (71.5) | 16 809 | (78.2) | 12 050 | (70.5) | 4293 | (59.0) | 915 | (52.5) |
| Switch | 6593 | (5.6) | 1364 | (2.9) | 357 | (1.7) | 580 | (3.4) | 327 | (4.5) | 100 | (5.7) |
| One year after initiation | 6445 | (5.5) | 4414 | (9.3) | 1323 | (6.2) | 1600 | (9.4) | 1157 | (15.9) | 334 | (19.2) |
| Other | 5390 | (4.6) | 2905 | (6.1) | 1209 | (5.6) | 997 | (5.8) | 574 | (7.9) | 125 | (7.2) |
Abbreviations: DOM, French overseas department (Departement d'Outre Mer); IQR, interquartile range.
mean daily dose of baclofen reached at the end of follow‐up.
a
Events: hospitalisation or death. End of exposure: 60 days after the last dispensing of the same approved drug or baclofen. Switch: switch from the initial approved drug or baclofen to another drug. Other: end of the study (31 December 2015), change of health insurance scheme, obstetric hospitalisation.