Table 2.
Prevalence and associations between birth interventions and short‐term child health outcomes, New South Wales, Australia, 2000‐2013
| Short‐term adverse health outcomes | Total population | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of events N (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusteda OR (95% CI) | |
| Jaundice | |||
| Spontaneous vaginal birth | 5299 (2.9) | Reference | Reference |
| Vaginal birth with induction or augmentation | 4986 (3.6) | 1.28 (1.23‐1.33) b | 1.36 (1.31‐1.42) |
| Instrumental vaginal birth without induction or augmentation | 1615 (8.1) | 3.01 (2.84‐3.19) | 2.34 (2.20‐2.49) |
| Instrumental vaginal birth with induction or augmentation | 3662 (8.8) | 3.26 (3.12‐3.41) | 2.75 (2.61‐2.91) |
| Elective cesarean | 1638 (3.0) | 1.02 (0.96‐1.07) | 1.07 (1.00‐1.14) |
| Emergency cesarean without induction or augmentation | 686 (4.0) | 1.39 (1.29‐1.51) | 1.24 (1.14‐1.36) |
| Emergency cesarean after induction or augmentation | 1375 (3.9) | 1.38 (1.30‐1.46) | 1.31 (1.22‐1.41) |
| Feeding problems | |||
| Spontaneous vaginal birth | 1886 (1.0) | Reference | Reference |
| Vaginal birth with induction or augmentation | 1907 (1.4) | 1.37 (1.28‐1.46) | 1.23 (1.15‐1.32) |
| Instrumental vaginal birth without induction or augmentation | 513 (2.6) | 2.58 (2.34‐2.85) | 1.44 (1.30‐1.60) |
| Instrumental vaginal birth with induction or augmentation | 1344 (3.2) | 3.22 (3.00‐3.46) | 1.73 (1.59‐1.89) |
| Elective cesarean | 1095 (2.0) | 1.93 (1.79‐2.08) | 1.81 (1.64‐1.99) |
| Emergency cesarean without induction or augmentation | 450 (2.6) | 2.58 (2.33‐2.87) | 1.82 (1.61‐2.05) |
| Emergency cesarean after induction or augmentation | 1090 (3.1) | 3.10 (2.87‐3.34) | 1.85 (1.67‐2.04) |
| Hypothermia | |||
| Spontaneous vaginal birth | 5537 (3.0) | Reference | Reference |
| Vaginal birth with induction or augmentation | 4484 (3.3) | 1.09 (1.05‐1.14) | 1.04 (1.00‐1.08) |
| Instrumental vaginal birth without induction or augmentation | 687 (3.5) | 1.16 (1.07‐1.26) | 0.96 (0.88‐1.04) |
| Instrumental vaginal birth with induction or augmentation | 1542 (3.7) | 1.24 (1.17‐1.31) | 1.01 (0.94‐1.08) |
| Elective cesarean | 2104 (3.8) | 1.26 (1.20‐1.32) | 1.16 (1.08‐1.24) |
| Emergency cesarean without induction or augmentation | 742 (4.3) | 1.45 (1.34‐1.56) | 1.24 (1.13‐1.36) |
| Emergency cesarean after induction or augmentation | 1775 (5.1) | 1.72 (1.63‐1.82) | 1.43 (1.33‐1.54) |
a
Adjusted for maternal characteristics (ie, maternal age, country of birth, socioeconomic status, parity), birth characteristics (ie, pharmacological pain medication or anesthesia), and child characteristics (ie, gender, gestational age, birthweight, small‐for‐gestational age, large‐for‐gestational age, birth trauma).
b
Associations reported in bold reflect a statistical significant association (P ≤ .01).