Table 4.

Risk of all‐cause mortality with current use of ICS by baseline eosinophil counts, gender, and age

	All‐Cause Mortality (n = 6181)d	IR (/1000 PY)	Age and Gender‐Adjusted HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR (95% CI)a
By ICS use
Never	3160	38.3	Reference	Reference
Past	1343	49.8	1.32 (1.23‐1.39)	1.25 (1.17‐1.33)
Recent	484	59.7	1.67 (1.52‐1.84)	1.36 (1.23‐1.49)
Current	1194	57.4	1.56 (1.46‐1.67)	1.20 (1.12‐1.29)
By relative blood eosinophil count
Low (<2.0%)	477	65.5	Reference	Reference
Moderate (≥2.0%‐3.9%)	435	52.9	0.81 (0.71‐0.92)	0.88 (0.77‐0.99)
High (4.0%‐5.9%)	168	51.2	0.73 (0.61‐0.87)	0.79 (0.66‐0.94)
Very high (≥6.0%)	114	56.7	0.71 (0.58‐0.87)	0.76 (0.62‐0.93)
By absolute blood eosinophil count
<0.34 × 109 cells/L	959	57.4	Reference	Reference
≥0.34 × 109 cells/L	235	57.1	0.90 (0.78‐1.04)	0.92 (0.79‐1.06)
By gender
Males	712	60.9	Reference	Referenceb
Females	482	52.8	0.81 (0.72‐0.91)	0.79 (0.69‐0.86)
By age categories
40‐59 years	88	17.9	Reference	Referencec
60‐79 years	729	53.6	2.97 (2.38‐3.70)	2.38 (1.89‐3.00)
80+ years	377	164.5	9.31 (7.31‐11.74)	5.07 (3.96‐6.49)

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS, Inhaled corticosteroids; IR, incidence rate; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; PY, person‐years.

^aAdjusted for age, gender, smoking status, alcohol use, BMI, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, anxiety, chronic liver disease, all cancers except nonmelanoma skin cancer, stroke, antipsychotics, long‐acting beta‐2 agonist, short‐acting beta‐2 agonist, short‐acting muscarinic agent, long‐acting muscarinic antagonist, xanthine derivatives and oral corticosteroid use 6 months prior to the start of an interval.

^bAdjusted for all confounders under (a) except gender.

^cAdjusted for all confounders under (a) except age.

^d6181 patients died after follow‐up of 32 693 patients with COPD.