Table 1.
Characteristics of patient eyes and healthy control eyes
| Diabetes patients (n = 27) | Healthy controls (n = 27) | p‐Values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 46 ± 12 | 41 ± 20 | 0.3 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 28 ± 9 | – | – |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.6 ± 0.9 | – | – |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 24.8 ± 3.2 | 24.1 ± 3.9 | 0.6 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121 ± 16 | 126 ± 13 | 0.3 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 66 ± 13 | 78 ± 11 | 0.004 |
| Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | 85 ± 14 | 99 ± 9 | 0.002 |
| Pulse rate (min−1) | 75 ± 12 | 73 ± 7 | 0.7 |
| Visual acuity (logMAR) | −0.04 ± 0.06 | −0.06 ± 0.11 | 0.4 |
| Visual acuity (Snellen equivalent) | 20/18 | 20/18 | – |
| Intraocular pressure (mmHg) | 14.2 ± 2.1 | 12.9 ± 1.9 | 0.02 |
| Macular volume (mm³) | 8.66 ± 0.45 | 8.76 ± 0.30 | 0.4 |
| Retinal nerve fibre layer volume (mm³) | 0.95 ± 0.11 | 0.92 ± 0.09 | 0.3 |
| Ganglion cell layer volume (mm³) | 1.07 ± 0.12 | 1.09 ± 0.10 | 0.7 |
| Inner plexiform layer volume (mm³) | 0.87 ± 0.09 | 0.90 ± 0.07 | 0.2 |
| Inner nuclear layer volume (mm³) | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.94 ± 0.05 | 0.4 |
| Outer plexiform layer volume (mm³) | 0.81 ± 0.06 | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 0.3 |
| Outer nuclear layer volume (mm³) | 1.73 ± 0.19 | 1.80 ± 0.11 | 0.1 |
| Photoreceptor layer volume (mm³) | 2.30 ± 0.08 | 2.27 ± 0.07 | 0.2 |
| Baseline LF spectral power (mseconds2) | 474 ± 495 | 1199 ± 1144 | – |
| Baseline LF spectral power (ln [mseconds²]) | 5.60 ± 1.26 | 6.54 ± 1.14 | 0.007 |
| Baseline HF spectral power (mseconds2) | 344 ± 363 | 2160 ± 2538 | – |
| Baseline HF spectral power (ln [mseconds2]) | 5.17 ± 1.35 | 6.89 ± 1.47 | 0.0002 |
HF = high‐frequency band [0.15–0.40 Hz]; LF = low‐frequency band [0.05–0.15 Hz].
Results are presented as mean ± SD.
Bold values indicate significant p‐values (p < 0.05, ancova in spectral power comparisons including diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure as covariates and anova in all other comparisons; absolute spectral power was not compared due to skewness of data).