Table 1.

Outcomes of various biomolecular pathways resulting from the production of ROS in gynecological cancers

Cancer	Biomolecular process related to ROS	Reference
Choriocarcinoma cancer	• Inhibition of cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial dysfunction	(39–41)
	• EMT through controlling the cell cycle and migration ability	(43)
Ovarian cancer	• Apoptosis through inhibition of NADPH oxidase	(10)
Endometrial cancer	• Apoptosis via activation of the ERK and JNK pathways	(56, 58)
	• Inhibition of cell proliferation via activation of p38	(57)
	• Metastasis or invasion via EMT-related transcription factors	(59)