UNC-7 and UNC-9 gap junction proteins are required for normal L4/A developmentally timed sleep and arousal and are downstream of EGL-4 PKG. (A) Total time in sleep bouts for wild-type, unc-7(e5lf), unc-9(e101lf), and unc-9(e101lf) unc-7(e5lf) animals during L4 to adult lethargus. (B) Percent of wild-type, unc-7(e5lf), unc-9(e101lf), and unc-9(e101lf) unc-7(e5lf) animals not responding to gentle touch during L4 to adult sleep bouts. Because of the response defect of unc-7(e5lf) and unc-9(e101lf) animals to blue light stimuli, the arousal threshold was measured by gentle touch instead. Three independent trials were tested. n = 10 per genotype for each trial. (C) Total time in sleep bouts for wild-type, unc-1(e719lf), unc-24(e138lf), and unc-24(e138lf) animals during L4 to adult lethargus. (D) Total time in sleep bouts for egl-4(ad450gf), unc-7(e5lf), egl-4(ad450gf); unc-7(e5lf), unc-9(e101lf), and egl-4(ad450gf); unc-9(e101lf) animals during L4 to adult lethargus. Error bars show the SEM. * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001. All error bars represent standard error of the mean.