Table 1.

Maternal characteristics at baseline by GDM status (Quebec, Canada; 1990–2007)

	Mothers without GDM (N=29,200)		Mothers with GDM (N=29,200)
	n	%	n	%
Age of mothers
<30 years	13,309	45.78	13,309	45.58
30–39 years	14,935	51.15	14,935	51.15
≥40 years	956	3.27	956	3.27
Not living with partner at delivery	2,359	8.08	1,924	6.59
Parity
One	20,899	71.57	14,442	49.46
Two	5,110	17.50	9,079	31.09
Three	2,212	7.58	3,748	12.84
Greater than three	979	3.35	1,931	6.61
Gestational hypertension	2,173	7.44	3,694	12.65
Preterm delivery	1,745	5.98	2,461	8.43
Infants’ size at deliverya
Small for gestational age (<10th percentile)	3,199	10.96	2,538	8.69
Appropriate for gestational age (10th to 90th percentile)	23,855	81.70	22,927	78.52
Large for gestational age (>90th percentile)	2,146	7.35	3,735	12.79
Comorbidity indicators
Hospitalization in prior to 3 years	5,685	19.47	9,858	33.76
Diagnoses in 5% or more
Airway disease	3,115	10.67	3,768	12.90
Psychiatric disorders	2,926	10.02	3,140	10.75
History of psychiatric illness in partner	2,675	9.16	2,610	8.94
Two most-deprived quintiles of deprivation indexb	11,137	38.14	12,899	44.17
European ethnocultural backgroundc	24,021	82.26	22,437	76.84

Notes:

^aBased on Canadian birth data.³⁴

^bBased on neighborhood-level indicator of material deprivation.

^cBased on primary language and country of birth. The ethnocultural groups considered non-Caucasian including South Asian, Southeast Asian, East Asian, West Asian, Afrocarribean, Central/South American, and Aboriginal.

Abbreviation: GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.