Table 4.
Significant associations, as computed through stratified Cox proportional regression hazards models, of covariates with depression in mothers and fathers (Quebec, Canada; 1990–2007)
| 24 weeks gestation to delivery | Delivery to 1 year postpartum | 1 year postpartum to study end | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted, HR (95% CI) | Adjusted, HR (95% CI) | Unadjusted, HR (95% CI) | Adjusted, HR (95% CI) | Unadjusted, HR (95% CI) | Adjusted, HR (95% CI) | |
| Mothers | ||||||
| Preterm infant | 1.64 (1.00, 2.70) | 1.80 (0.93, 3.46) | 1.26 (0.79, 2.02) | 1.32 (0.78, 2.23) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) |
| Small for gestational age infant | 1.80 (1.12, 2.89) | 2.13 (1.12, 4.05) | 1.39 (0.90, 2.15) | 1.53 (0.96, 2.45) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.27) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.26) |
| Not living with partner | 1.30 (0.73, 2.33) | 0.96 (0.38, 2.39) | 1.21 (0.70, 2.08) | 1.22 (0.67, 2.22) | 1.23 (1.08, 1.39) | 1.20 (1.05, 1.37) |
| History of psychiatric illness | 10.00 (5.88, 17.00) | 10.22 (5.64, 18.52) | 2.51 (1.72, 3.66) | 2.66 (1.86, 3.81) | 1.95 (1.77, 2.15) | 1.77 (1.60, 1.96) |
| History of psychiatric illness in partner | 1.50 (0.91, 2.46) | 1.12 (0.56, 2.22) | 1.16 (0.79, 1.70) | 1.18 (0.77, 1.81) | 1.30 (1.16, 1.46) | 1.21 (1.08, 1.36) |
| High deprivation indexa | 1.00 (0.94, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.78, 1.39) | 1.09 (0.79, 1.49) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) |
| European origin | 1.96 (1.18, 3.23) | 1.69 (0.79, 3.62) | 1.56 (0.99, 2.48) | 1.88 (1.23, 2.87) | 2.06 (1.84, 2.30) | 1.89 (1.76, 2.23) |
| Fathers | ||||||
| Preterm infant | 2.19×108 (0, INF) | 15.43 (0, INF) | 0.95 (0.50, 1.81) | 0.80 (0.36, 1.81) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) | 0.95 (081,1.12) |
| Small for gestational age infant | 0.25 (0.02, 2.74) | 311.50 (0, INF) | 0.68 (0.38, 1.20) | 0.42 (0.21, 0.85) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.25) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.22) |
| Not living with partner | 1.00 (0.14, 7.10) | 0.01 (0, INF) | 0.75 (0.35, 1.59) | 0.76 (0.30, 1.93) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.20) |
| History of psychiatric illness | 1.62×109 (0, INF) | 1.95×1010 (0, INF) | 5.33 (2.88, 9.88) | 5.83 (2.93, 11.59) | 2.97 (2.49, 3.54) | 2.73 (2.28, 3.27) |
| History of psychiatric illness in partner | 2.00 (0.60, 6.64) | 0.01 (0, INF) | 1.90 (1.21, 2.97) | 1.75 (1.02, 3.01) | 1.42 (1.28, 1.57) | 1.32 (1.18, 1.47) |
| High deprivation indexa | 1.29 (0.48, 3.45) | 0.021 (0, INF) | 1.06 (0.72, 1.58) | 1.22 (0.75, 2.00) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.27) | 1.21 (1.11, 1.33) |
| European origin | 1.62×109 (0, INF) | 1.44 (0, INF) | 2.06 (1.14, 3.75) | 2.44 (1.17, 5.06) | 2.39 (2.07, 2.76) | 2.38 (2.06, 2.77) |
Note:
a
Two most-deprived quintiles of deprivation index.
Abbreviation: INF, infinity.