Figure 8.

Tuftsin, alone or in combination with benztropine, promotes anti-inflammatory microglial activation in the cuprizone model during remyelination. One week after cuprizone withdrawal, brains were isolated from saline or treated mice. To visualize microglia/macrophages in the corpus callosum, Iba1 immunostaining (green) was performed (A). Number of Iba1⁺ cells per field were quantified in (B). To evaluate pro-inflammatory activation of microglia/macrophages in the corpus callosum, iNOS (red) immunoreactivity was examined (C) and quantified as percent of Iba1⁺ cells also expressing iNOS (D). The same analysis was performed with Arg1 (red) to identify anti-inflammatory cells (E,F). Data are mean ± SEM. n = 2 (for 5 weeks cuprizone) – 3. Comparisons are between saline, tuftsin, and combo-treated mice. *p < 0.05 compared to saline-treated mice. Scale bars: 20 um.