Table 1.
Association of Cognitive Impairment and Proxy Status With Inconsistency in Self-report of Chronic Disease
| Odds Ratio (95% CI)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 3d | Model 4e | |
| Cognitive impairmentf | 2.46 (2.28–2.66) | 1.88 (1.72–2.05) | 1.76 (1.61–1.92) | 1.66 (1.49–1.84) |
| Use of proxyg | 2.20 (2.02–2.41) | 2.09 (1.91–2.28) | 2.06 (1.88–2.26) | 1.91 (1.68–2.18) |
| Number of wavesh | 1.11 (1.10–1.13) | 1.12 (1.10–1.14) | 1.12 (1.11–1.14) | 1.13 (1.11–1.14) |
| Agei (years) | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | |
| Genderj | ||||
| Female | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.97 (0.91–1.02) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | |
| Race/ethnicityk | ||||
| African American | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 0.93 (0.85–1.03) | |
| Hispanic | 1.30 (1.15–1.47) | 1.21 (1.07–1.36) | 1.21 (1.08–1.37) | |
| Other | 0.98 (0.75–1.27) | 0.94 (0.71–1.23) | 0.94 (0.71–1.24) | |
| Marital/partner statusl | ||||
| Married/Partnered | 0.92 (0.87–0.98) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | |
| Educationm (years) | ||||
| 12 | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 0.97 (0.89–1.07) | ||
| >12 | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) | ||
| Wealthn (quintiles) | ||||
| Second | 0.84 (0.77–0.91) | 0.84 (0.77–0.91) | ||
| Third | 0.83 (0.75–0.92) | 0.83 (0.76–0.92) | ||
| Fourth | 0.71 (0.65–0.78) | 0.72 (0.66–0.78) | ||
| Fifth | 0.76 (0.69–0.84) | 0.77 (0.70–0.84) | ||
| Insurance coverageo | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | ||
| Physician visitp | 1.12 (1.00–1.27) | 1.12 (0.99–1.26) | ||
| Cognitive impairment–proxy interaction | 1.19 (1.01–1.42) | |||
Note. The unit of analysis for the findings in Table 1 is the individual respondent. CI = confidence interval.
aLongitudinal two-level random-intercept logistic regression model, incorporating wave-by-wave sampling weights.
bAdjusted for number of waves.
cAdjusted for number of waves and four demographic characteristics.
dAdjusted for number of waves, four demographic characteristics, education, wealth, and health care access.
eAdjusted for number of waves, four demographic characteristics, education, wealth, healthcare access, and cognitive impairment-proxy interaction.
fCognitive impairment at present or previous waves. Referent group: normal cognition.
gUse of proxy at present wave. Referent group: no proxy used.
hNumber of waves (participated in) at present wave.
iAge at present wave.
jReferent group: male.
kReferent group: Caucasian.
lMarital/partner status at present wave. Referent group: unmarried/unpartnered.
mReferent group: <12 years.
nWealth at present wave. Referent group: first (lowest) quintile.
oHad insurance in the prior 2 years. Referent group: no insurance coverage in the prior 2 years.
pHad one or more physician visits in the prior 2 years. Referent group: no physician visits in the prior 2 years.