. 2018 Jan 9;73(5):e59–e68. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbx173

Table 2.

Moderating Effect of Emotional Abuse on the Association Between Daily Assistance to Parents With Disability on Daily NA and PA

	Daily NA	Daily PA
Effect	Estimate (SE)	Estimate (SE)
Fixed effects
Intercept, $β_{00}$	0.828 (0.172)***	1.729 (0.349)***
Assistance today, $β_{10}$	0.788 (0.226)***	−0.065 (0.382)
Assistance yesterday, $β_{20}$	0.011 (0.275)	−0.387 (0.421)
Assistance today × Assistance yesterday, $β_{30}$	−0.942 (0.376)*	0.767 (0.609)
Parental emotional abuse in childhood, $β_{01}$	0.008 (0.023)	0.029 (0.048)
Assistance today × Parental emotional abuse, $β_{11}$	−0.417 (0.110)***	−0.091 (0.196)
Assistance yesterday × Parental emotional abuse, $β_{21}$	−0.062 (0.111)	0.117 (0.168)
Assistance today × Assistance yesterday × Parental emotional abuse, $β_{31}$	0.583 (0.162)***	−0.236 (0.272)
Daily NA, $β_{40}$		−0.727 (0.086)***
Daily PA, $β_{40}$	−0.265 (0.031)***
Baseline tangible support to parents (hr per month), $β_{05}$	−0.000 (0.000)	−0.001 (0.001)
Baseline emotional support to parents (hr per month), $β_{06}$	0.001 (0.001)	0.002 (0.002)
Average number of daily positive events, $β_{04}$	0.136 (0.043)**	0.181 (0.090)*
Respondent’s sex, $β_{03}$	−0.032 (0.074)	0.032 (0.153)
Respondent’s age, $β_{02}$	−0.001 (0.003)	0.016 (0.006)*
Random effects
Intercept VAR	0.078 (0.017)***	0.388 (0.070)***
Residual VAR	0.050 (0.005)***	0.115 (0.011)***
-2 Log-likelihood	172.8	468.8
AIC, BIC	176.8, 182.0	472.8, 477.9

Note: Childhood emotional abuse was measured by retrospective self-report for mother and father (0 = never, 1 = rarely, 2 = sometime, 3 = often), respectively. The variable on parental emotional abuse in childhood was computed by summing the frequency of abuse scores by mother and father, which ranged from 0 to 6, with higher scores meaning more frequent emotional abuse.

VAR = variance; AIC = Akaike information criterion; BIC = Bayesian information criterion.

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.