Table 3.
Time Trend in Incident PCD over a Period of 16 Years
| Main analyses | Exp(B) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|
| Model 1: corrected for age, sex | ||
| Time | 1.035 | .001 |
| Model 2: additionally adjusted for education | ||
| Time | 1.037 | <.001 |
| Model 3: additionally adjusted for CVD, diabetes | ||
| Time | 1.033 | .002 |
| Model 4: additionally adjusted for high blood pressure and use of anti-hypertensive medication | ||
| Time | 1.036 | 0.001 |
| Model 5: additionally adjusted for life-style | ||
| Time | 1.042 | <0.001 |
| Model 6: additionally adjusted for depressive symptoms | ||
| Time | 1.042 | <.001 |
| Age | 1.166 | <.001 |
| Sex (male) | 0.841 | .231 |
| Education | 0.948 | .013 |
| No cardiovascular disease | 0.954 | .759 |
| No diabetes mellitus | 0.430 | <.001 |
| No high blood pressure | 1.015 | .909 |
| No anti-hypertensives | 1.143 | .385 |
| No alcohol use (vs high) | 1.376 | .258 |
| Middle alcohol use (vs high) | 1.129 | .643 |
| No smoking | 0.702 | .017 |
| Physical activity | 0.998 | .027 |
| BMI | 0.939 | .001 |
| No clinically relevant depressive symptoms | 0.834 | .287 |
| Sensitivity analyses | Exp(B) | p-Value |
| Model 6a: additionally adjusted for depressive symptoms (n = 3,031/8,460) | ||
| Time | 1.069 | <.001 |
| Model 6b: additionally adjusted for depressive symptoms (n = 3,001/8,335) | ||
| Time | 1.069 | <.001 |
Note: Pooled data are shown. PCD = persistent cognitive decline; CVD = cardiovascular disease; n = 3,031/8,455 observations.
aSensitivity analysis recoding persons with undetermined trajectory to “no PCD.”
bSensitivity analysis excluding persons with undetermined trajectory from the analyses.