Table 3.
Demographic, behavioural characteristics and beliefs of female and male participants by reporting condom use at last coitus
| Characteristics | Condom use at last coitus | |||||||||
| Female (n=253) | Male (n=218) | |||||||||
| No (n=113) | (44.7%) | Yes (n=140) | (55.3%) | P value | No (n=67) | (30.7%) | Yes (n=151) | (69.3%) | P-value* | |
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |||
| Age (years, mean±SD) | 32.1±6.0 | 32.1±6.7 | 0.924 | 37.7±5.1 | 37.2±5.2 | 0.568 | ||||
| Marital status | 0.790 | |||||||||
| Married or committed relationship | 110 | (44.5) | 137 | (55.5) | ||||||
| Single or dating | 3 | (50.0) | 3 | (50.0) | ||||||
| Education | 0.066 | 0.562 | ||||||||
| Completed primary or less | 102 | (47.0) | 115 | (53.0) | 53 | (31.7) | 114 | (68.3) | ||
| Some secondary or more | 11 | (30.6) | 25 | (69.4) | 14 | (27.5) | 37 | (72.6) | ||
| Religion | 0.034 | 0.595 | ||||||||
| Catholic | 29 | (58.0) | 21 | (42.0) | 16 | (34.0) | 31 | (66.0) | ||
| Other | 84 | (41.4) | 119 | (58.6) | 51 | (30.0) | 119 | (70.0) | ||
| Years since diagnosis (mean±SD) | 4.5±3.6 | 4.8±3.4 | 0.515 | 4.1±3.4 | 4.9±4.4 | 0.197 | ||||
| Use of alcohol or drugs before/during sex in last month | 0.447 | 0.053 | ||||||||
| No | 99 | (43.6) | 128 | (56.4) | 43 | (27.0) | 116 | (73.0) | ||
| Yes | 10 | (52.6) | 9 | (47.4) | 24 | (40.7) | 35 | (59.3) | ||
| Most recent sexual partner HIV positive | 0.027 | 0.053 | ||||||||
| No | 21 | (45.7) | 25 | (54.3) | 7 | (18.0) | 32 | (82.1) | ||
| Yes | 65 | (39.9) | 98 | (60.1) | 52 | (31.9) | 111 | (68.1) | ||
| Do not know | 27 | (62.8) | 16 | (37.2) | 8 | (50.0) | 8 | (50.0) | ||
| Sexual frequency in last month | 0.029 | 0.004 | ||||||||
| ≤weekly | 45 | (37.5) | 75 | (62.5) | 23 | (21.5) | 84 | (78.5) | ||
| >1x/week | 68 | (51.1) | 65 | (48.9) | 44 | (39.6) | 67 | (60.4) | ||
| Desire more children in the future | 0.004 | 0.015 | ||||||||
| No | 60 | (37.7) | 99 | (62.3) | 42 | (26.4) | 117 | (73.6) | ||
| Yes | 53 | (56.4) | 41 | (43.6) | 25 | (43.9) | 32 | (56.1) | ||
| Contraceptive use at last intercourse (IUD, implant, DMPA, pills, sterilisation, not including condom) | 0.400 | 0.721 | ||||||||
| No | 65 | (46.8) | 74 | (53.2) | 40 | (29.9) | 94 | (70.2) | ||
| Yes | 46 | (41.4) | 65 | (58.6) | 27 | (32.1) | 57 | (67.9) | ||
| Currently using ART | 0.169 | 0.886 | ||||||||
| No | 17 | (58.6) | 12 | (41.4) | 9 | (34.6) | 17 | (65.4) | ||
| Yes, <2 years | 40 | (47.1) | 45 | (52.9) | 23 | (29.5) | 55 | (70.5) | ||
| Yes, >2 years | 56 | (40.3) | 83 | (59.7) | 35 | (30.7) | 79 | (69.3) | ||
| Believe HIV medications effect transmission risk to partner | 0.307 | 0.168 | ||||||||
| Increases risk or no change | 70 | (42.7) | 94 | (57.3) | 41 | (27.9) | 106 | (72.1) | ||
| Decreases risk | 43 | (49.4) | 44 | (50.6) | 26 | (37.1) | 44 | (62.9) | ||
| Believe condoms are effective at preventing pregnancy | 0.303 | 0.147 | ||||||||
| No | 15 | (53.6) | 13 | (46.4) | 9 | (45.0) | 11 | (55.0) | ||
| Yes | 97 | (43.3) | 127 | (56.7) | 58 | (29.3) | 140 | (70.7) | ||
| Believe condoms are effective at preventing HIV transmission to partner | 0.856 | 0.536 | ||||||||
| No | 18 | (43.9) | 23 | (56.1) | 12 | (24.0) | 38 | (76.0) | ||
| Yes | 86 | (42.4) | 117 | (57.6) | 45 | (28.5) | 113 | (71.5) | ||
| Believe one needs to use a condom if also using birth control method | 0.057 | 0.004 | ||||||||
| No | 37 | (54.4) | 31 | (45.6) | 21 | (48.8) | 22 | (51.2) | ||
| Yes | 75 | (41.0) | 108 | (59.0) | 46 | (26.3) | 129 | (73.7) | ||
| Can refuse sex if partner did not want to use a condom | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 87 | (69.0) | 39 | (31.0) | 38 | (59.4) | 26 | (40.6) | ||
| Yes | 23 | (18.6) | 101 | (81.5) | 28 | (18.4) | 124 | (81.6) | ||
| Decision-making about using condom use | 0.001 | 0.041 | ||||||||
| I do (did) | 67 | (51.2) | 64 | (48.9) | 23 | (24.7) | 70 | (75.3) | ||
| My partner does (did) | 14 | (41.2) | 20 | (58.8) | 14 | (45.2) | 17 | (54.8) | ||
| We both do (did) equally | 19 | (25.3) | 56 | (74.7) | 18 | (22.2) | 63 | (77.8) | ||
*P value by t-test for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square or Fisher exact test for categorical variables.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; DMPA, depot medroxprogesterone acetate; IUD, intrauterine device.