Table 2.
Summary of characteristics from Fisher’s exact test for mothers of infants with (cases) and without (controls) congenital heart defects by use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). US National Birth Defects Prevention Study, births October 1997-August 2008. Figures are numbers (percentage) unless otherwise stated
| Maternal characteristics | SSRI users | SSRI non-users | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Control | P value* | Cases | Control | P value* | ||
| No of women | 57 | 54 | — | 1119 | 1590 | — | |
| Mean (SD) maternal age at delivery | 29 (5.5) | 29 (5.7) | 0.94 | 28 (6.2) | 27 (6) | <0.001 | |
| Maternal race/ethnicity: | |||||||
| African American | 3 (5) | 3 (6) | 0.57 | 107 (10) | 141 (9) | 0.82 | |
| White | 48 (84) | 46 (85) | 765 (68) | 1089 (68) | |||
| Hispanic | 2 (4) | 4 (7) | 187 (17) | 282 (18) | |||
| Others | 4 (7) | 1 (2) | 59 (5) | 78 (5) | |||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Maternal education: | |||||||
| <12 years | 6 (11) | 4 (7) | 0.51 | 150 (13) | 213 (13) | 0.74 | |
| High school degree or equivalent | 14 (25) | 14 (26) | 291 (26) | 398 (25) | |||
| 1-3 years of college | 25 (44) | 19 (35) | 318 (28) | 435 (27) | |||
| ≥4 years of college or degree | 12 (21) | 17 (31) | 360 (32) | 542 (34) | |||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Mean household income ($): | |||||||
| <10 000 | 4 (7) | 8 (15) | 0.61 | 160 (15) | 228 (15) | 0.89 | |
| 10 000-≤29 999 | 21 (38) | 10 (19) | 291 (27) | 398 (27) | |||
| 30 000-≤49 999 | 17 (30) | 13 (24) | 230 (22) | 335 (23) | |||
| ≥50 000 | 14 (25) | 23 (43) | 383 (36) | 516 (35) | |||
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 55 | 113 | |||
| Maternal BMI: | |||||||
| Underweight (BMI <18.5) | 1 (2) | 3 (6) | 0.06 | 44 (4) | 71 (5) | 0.01 | |
| Normal weight (18.5-<25) | 23 (41) | 28 (52) | 531 (49) | 850 (55) | |||
| Overweight (25-<30) | 9 (16) | 13 (24) | 279 (26) | 348 (23) | |||
| Obese (≥30) | 23 (41) | 10 (19) | 228 (21) | 271 (18) | |||
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 37 | 50 | |||
| Periconceptional folic acid supplementation: | |||||||
| Yes | 30 (53) | 41 (76) | 0.02 | 611 (55) | 871 (55) | 0.94 | |
| No | 27 (47) | 13 (24) | 508 (45) | 719 (47) | |||
| Alcohol consumption during pregnancy: | |||||||
| Yes | 13 (23) | 15 (28) | 0.66 | 251 (23) | 375 (24) | 0.55 | |
| No | 44 (77) | 39 (72) | 860 (77) | 1211 (76) | |||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 8 | 4 | |||
| Cigarette smoking during pregnancy: | |||||||
| Yes | 15 (26) | 10 (19) | 0.64 | 175 (16) | 277 (17) | 0.23 | |
| No | 42 (74) | 44 (81) | 943 (84) | 1312 (83) | |||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||
*P values obtained based on comparisons between combined cases and controls with χ2 tests for categorical variables.