Table 5.
Association between prior length-for-age Z-scores, at birth, 6 months, and 9 months, and L:M test results in unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models†
| Unadjusted linear regression model | Adjusted linear regression model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | LAZ at birth | LAZ at 6 months | LAZ at 9 months | LAZ at birth | LAZ at 6 months | LAZ at 9 months |
| Ln L:M ratio | −0.06 (−0.13, 0.00)* | −0.07 (−0.17, 0.03) | −0.05 (−0.12, 0.03) | −0.05 (−0.10, −0.004)* | −0.06 (−0.11, −0.006)* | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.005)* |
| Urinary lactulose, % dose excreted | −0.009 (−0.03, 0.02) | −0.02 (−0.06, −0.02) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.009) | −0.0003 (−0.02, 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0005) |
| Urinary mannitol, % dose excreted | 0.17 (−0.11, 0.45) | 0.03 (−0.29, 0.36) | −0.01 (−0.33, 0.31) | 0.26 (0.02, 0.50)* | 0.09 (−0.21, 0.39) | 0.02 (−0.27, 0.30) |
| LMER | −0.004 (−0.009, 0.00)* | −0.006 (−0.01, −0.002) | −0.004 (−0.01, 0.002) | −0.004 (−0.008, 0.00)* | −0.005 (−0.01, 0.0005) | −0.004 (−0.009, 0.001) |
L:M = lactulose:mannitol; LMER = L:M excretion ratio; LAZ = length-for-age Z-score. Cells present β coefficient and 95% confidence interval, * P-value < 0.05.
† Unadjusted and adjusted regression models were adjusted for subcounty clustering. Adjusted regression models control for gender of child, age of child, gender of household head, caregiver education level, asset score, and safe water. Adjusted regression model for LAZ at 6 months and 9 months controls for LAZ at birth.