Table 3. Summary of identified age-stratified infection prevalence studies.

Study	Location	Year	Total tested	Total positive	Prevalence (%)	Diagnostic Test
						rK39 RDT	rK39 ELISA	DAT	LST	PCR/qPCR
Bern et al, 2006 [38]	Bangladesh	2002	1532	530	34.6				✓
Bern et al, 2007 [24]*	Bangladesh	2002	1599	298	18.6		✓
		2003	1827	274	15.0		✓
		2004	1832	245	13.4		✓
Hasker et al, 2013 [23]**	Bihar, India	2009	12605				✓	✓
Kaushal et al, 2017 [64]	West Bengal, India	2014	246	55	22.4					✓
Koirala et al, 2004 [65]	Nepal	1996	1083	66	6.1			✓
Nandy et al, 1987 [37]	West Bengal, India		125	24	19.2				✓
Ostyn et al, 2015 [66]	Nepal	2014	418	40	9.6			✓
Patil et al, 2013 [49]**	West Bengal, India	2000–2001			44.4				✓
					44***			✓
Rijal et al, 2010 [67]	Nepal	2006	5397	489	9.1			✓
Schenkel et al, 2006 [68]**	Nepal	2003	365	28	7.5			✓
			373	48	11.2				✓
Singh et al, 2010b [69]	Bihar, India	2006	8051	1490	18.5			✓
Topno et al, 2010 [70]**	Bihar, India		355	39	11.0			✓
				28	7.9					✓
				24	6.8	✓
Yangzom et al, 2012 [71]	Bhutan		396	43	10.9				✓

* Age-stratified data previously unpublished.

** Denotes study where age stratified data was provided for each serological test.

*** DAT data not included in analysis since data deemed unreliable due to low cut-off used