Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects according to hyperfiltration status after adjusting for age, sex, and body weight.

Parameter	Hyperfiltration (-)	Hyperfiltration (+)
N (%)	15109 (94.9)	809(5.1)
Age, years	50.08±16.07	46.67±16.43	<0.001
Male gender, (%	42.1	41.8	0.854
BMI, kg/m2	23.69±0.01	24.03±0.05	<0.001
Waist circumference, cm	80.78±0.04	82.26±0.16	<0.001
Current smoking, %	18.7	23.8	<0.001
Alcohol consumption, %	48.2	52.8	0.018
SBP, mmHg	118.2±0.1	119.9±0.5	0.001
DBP, mmHg	75.4±0.1	75.1±0.3	0.463
Antihypertensive medication, %	18.9	13.8	<0.001
HbA1c, %	5.772±0.006	5.843±0.025	0.006
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL	97.97±0.16	100.49±0.69	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus, %	9.7	10.5	0.401
Diabetes duration, years	8.30±7.52	7.19±7.26	0.240
Antidiabetic medication, %	6.17	7.05	0.314
Insulin therapy, %	0.51	0.49	0.952
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	189.6±0.3	188.5±1.2	0.391
Triglyceride, mg/dL	129.9±0.8	146.8±3.4	<0.001
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL	52.72±0.10	53.17±0.41	0.291
Lipid lowering medication, %	7.3	3.3	<0.001
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	0.824±0.001	0.622±0.003	<0.001
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2	94.49±0.08	110.47±0.35	<0.001
Urine creatinine, g/dL	1.543±0.062	1.278±0.267	<0.001
Urine albumin, mg/dL	0.136±0.003	0.163±0.012	0.036
ACR, mg/g	0.951±0.018	1.399±0.079	<0.001
Energy intake, kcal	2019±7	2094±29	0.010
Water intake, g	1064±5	1089±23	0.293
Protein intake, g	71.67±0.32	73.43±1.38	0.215
Fat intake, g	42.18±0.26	42.81±1.12	0.580
Carbohydrate intake, g	319.5±1.0	326.3±4.5	0.215
Sodium intake, mg	4487±25	4579±110	0.421

BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin creation ratio