Table 2. Study outcome measures.

Outcome	Source	Measures
Experience of GBV	Household surveys	Primary outcome: Report of any intimate partner violence (IPV) in the past 12 months among females aged 15–49 with an intimate partner. This measure comprised a series of questions that referred to specific acts of sexual (2 questions), physical (6 questions), and emotional (3 questions) violence. These were standardized questions used in the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2010 [33]. An individual was determined to have experienced any form of IPV if she reported that she had experienced at least one instance of any of these three types of violence from any of up to three intimate partners in the past 12 months. Secondary outcomes: Specific forms of IPV. Respondent reports of six partner controlling behaviors [33] and forced sex or physical GBV from someone other than a partner.
Utilization of GBV services	Health facilities + Household surveys	Primary outcome: Number of GBV client visits at health facilities (as reported by facilities). Secondary outcome: Survey respondent reports of use of health services for GBV in the past 12 months.
Acceptance of IPV	Household surveys	Secondary outcomes: Respondent reports of acceptance of IPV under six conditions that have been validated in other population-based surveys [33, 37].
Knowledge about GBV	Household surveys	Secondary outcomes: Respondent reports of familiarity with Tanzanian GBV laws and policies and beliefs about sexual violence among children.
Gender norms	Household surveys	Secondary outcomes: Respondent ratings on items from the “Violence” and “Domestic chores and daily life” domains of the Gender Equitable Men (GEM) scale. The Violence scale includes six statements, scaled 1–3, with a possible score range of 6–18, higher scores reflecting lower acceptance of partner violence. The Domestic Chores and Daily Life domain of the GEM scale includes 5 statements regarding women’s and men’s roles in the household, scaled 1–3 with a possible score range of 5–15. Higher scores indicate less traditional attitudes about gender household roles [38].
Community actions	Household surveys	Secondary outcomes: Respondent reports of personal actions and actions taken by others in the study communities to address GBV in the past 12 months.
Availability and quality of GBV services	Health facilities	Secondary outcomes: Number and percent of client visits by type of service provided as defined by national guidelines [39].
Utilization of HIV-related services	Household surveys	Secondary outcomes: Respondent reports of HIV testing and knowledge of availability of HIV PEP.