Table 3. Item fit of the French short version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire with 16 items (HLS-EU-Q16), with the Rasch model.

Item	Fit into the Rasch model
On a scale from very easy to very difficult, how easy would you say it is to:	Difficulty	Fit residuala	Chi square	P-valueb
1—find information on treatments of illnesses that concern you?	0.05	0.92	6.29	0.179
2—find out where to get professional help when you are ill?	-0.49	-0.16	3.53	0.473
3—understand what your doctor says to you?	-1.88	0.08	5.35	0.253
4—understand your doctor’s or pharmacist’s instruction on how to take a prescribed medicine?	-2.42	-1.00	1.82	0.769
5—judge when you may need to get a second opinion from another doctor?	0.88	0.74	3.59	0.464
6—use information the doctor gives you to make decisions about your illness?	-0.63	-0.90	4.99	0.288
7—follow instructions from your doctor or pharmacist?	-1.70	-1.32	4.11	0.392
8—find information on how to manage mental health problems like stress or depression?	1.46	0.64	3.70	0.448
9—understand health warnings about behavior such as smoking, low physical activity and drinking too much?	-0.86	0.59	6.19	0.185
10—understand why you need health screenings?	-1.56	0.09	2.04	0.729
11—judge if the information on health risks in the media is reliable?	2.18	-0.47	4.21	0.378
12—decide how you can protect yourself from illness based on information in the media?	1.81	-1.47	15.09	0.005
13—find out about activities that are good for your mental well-being?	0.93	0.43	3.54	0.472
14—understand advice on health from family members or friends?	0.52	0.64	8.53	0.074
15—understand information in the media on how to get healthier?	1.42	-1.04	5.55	0.236
16—judge which everyday behavior is related to your health?	0.29	0.01	2.28	0.685

^aFit residual values between ±2.5 indicate a good fit to the Rasch model

^bBonferroni adjustment: significant if P-value<0.0031