. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2019 Jan-Feb;34(1):29–35. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000521

Table 4.

Cox Regression: Dietary Vitamin C Deficiency on Cardiac Event-free Survival in Patients with Heart Failure^* (N = 251)

Variable	Hazard ratio	95% CI	Significance

^*Without covariate adjustment
Dietary vitamin C deficiency	1.85	1.11–3.09	.019

^**With covariate adjustment
Gender	.489	.238–1.004	.051
Age	1.005	.98–1.03	.697
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	.991	.967–1.016	.487
NYHA	1.381	.989–1.929	.058
ACEI user	1.022	.517–2.02	.950
Beta-blocker user	1.016	.4–2.584	.973
Body Mass Index, %	1.0	.954–1.049	.987
Hypertension	1.918	.951–3.872	.069
Diabetes	.987	.524–1.859	.967
Total energy intake (kcal/day)	1.0	.999–1.0	.333
Dietary vitamin C deficiency	1.95	1.083–3.511	.026

CI = confidence interval; ACEI = angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; NYHA = New York Heart Association

χ2 = 5.688, p = .017;

^**

χ2 = 18.374, p =.073