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. 2018 Dec 6;50(12):1–15. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0185-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Schematic diagram of the reprogramming process. b OSKM-transduced MEFs were reseeded in poly-l-lysine-coated 96-well XF plates on D4. On the following day (D5), the medium was replaced with mESC medium and each indicated chemical. After 2 days (D7), the OCR was measured using an XFe96 Flux analyzer. An ATP synthase inhibitor (1.5 μM oligomycin, ETC complex V inhibitor), uncoupler (5 μM FCCP), and complex I inhibitor (0.5 μM rotenone) + complex III inhibitor (0.5 μM antimycin A) were sequentially added at each indicated time point. c Lactate production was measured in each treatment group on day 7 of reprogramming. d The ATP concentration was quantified in each treatment group on days 7 (D7) and 10 (D10) of reprogramming. e The expression of the indicated gene in each treatment group was measured using real-time PCR analysis on days 7 and 10 of reprogramming. β-Actin expression was used as an internal control. f ChIP assays were performed on day 7 of reprogramming with or without IM treatment. MEFs and miPSCs were used as negative/positive controls for each histone mark. Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) were precipitated, and the Nanog and Oct4 promoter loci were determined by real-time PCR. Input samples were used as a relative control. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (Student’s t-test)